Gordon 

Caddie 
Guide 



G V 



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Class :__ 

Gop>Tigiit}i°^j 

COF^IGHT DEPOSm 



THE 

Gordon Caddie Guide 




by 

CHARLES A. GORDON 

Caddie-Master 
Country Club of Detroit 

Formerly At 
Shawnee Country Club 
Ormond Beach Golf Club 
Bretton Woods Golf Club 




(Copyright 1921) 



FOREWORD 




In preparing this book of instructions 
the writer has endeavored to make it as 
complete as possible^ placing therein all 
available information that would be 
helpful in training you to be an excel- 
lent caddie. Whether you are a novice 
at caddie service or experienced, the 
writer feels certain that constant study 
of the contents will be of much benefit 
to you. 

Bear in mind the old adage "If a thing 
is worth doing at all, it is worth doing 
weir', so make it a point to always 
do your very best. Form the h^bit 
of giving more service than is expected 
of you and also try to do your work bet- 
ter than the other fellow. Such a habit, 
formed now, will later on, win you pro- 
motion and success when you get into 
business life. 

The writer feels deeply grateful to 
Mr. John S. Sweeney, President and Mr. 
James I. Inglis, Chairman of Caddie Af- 
fairs of the Detroit District Golf Asso- 
ciation; Mr. Dave Robertson, Profes- 
sional, Country Club of Detroit; Mr. 
Ralston G^^sfi, Golf Editor, Detroit Free 




Press ; Mr, A. Linde Fowler, Golf Editor 
Boston Transcript; Mr. A. M. Hoxie, 
Golf Editor, Boston Post, and Mr. J. M. 

^.GrafRs, Golfer's Magazine Co., for 

^courtesies extended. 

It is only fitting that I should give 
due credit to Mr. Robert A. Woods, Mr. 
John P. Whitman and Mr. Charles F. 
Ernst, of the South End House, Boston, 
for their early guidance and continued 
inspiration in this line of endeavor. 

C. A. G. 



—INDEX— 

Page 

Chapter 1 — History and Progress 

of the Game of Golf. . 7 

Chapter 2— Watching the Ball 14 

Chapter 3 — Names of Clubs — 
Their Types and Uses 
— Golf Balls, Weights 

and Sizes 20 

Chapter 4— Ability 24 

Chapter 5— Interest 34 

Chapter 6— Behavior 41 

Chapter 7 — Appearance 49 

Chapter 8 — Statistics on Golf .... 53 

Chapter 9— Rules of Golf 58 

Chapter lOi — ^Meaning of Terms 

Used in Golf 98 



Dedicated to 



MR. DAVID S. CARTER 

Chairman of Caddie Affairs 

Country Club of Detroit 

V 

Whose whole-hearted interest in 
boySy engaged as caddies^ has re- 
sulted not only in a marked im- 
provement in their service, but has 
proven conclusively that caddies 
are quick to respond to attentions 
which are for their material bene- 
fit. 



ARE YOU IN STEP WITH 
THE TIMES? 

A caddie is the person who watches 
the player's ball, who marks its loca- 
tion and direction accurately and who 
is always up to the ball before the 
player; who is able to advise the play- 
er, if called upon, by reason of the fact 
that he plays the game; who is thor- 
oughly interested in his player's game 
and who strives to assist the player by 
being absolutely quiet while the player 
is making a shot; who is willing and 
courteous and conducts himself in a 
manner befitting the company of the 
person he has the privilege to caddie 
for; who acts as caretaker for the play- 
ers' clubs during the round and as such, 
handles the clubs carefully; who is 
always neat and clean; who accepts the 
position of caddie as a stepping-stone to 
greater possibilities in life and who 
makes of caddie service an opportunity 
to better himself from a moral, mental, 
social and physical standpoint. 



CHAPTER I 

HISTORY AND PROGRESS 
OF THE GAME 

Origin of the Game of Golf 

The game of golf has always been 
considered a Scottish game and no 
doubt rightly so. Historical writers 
have little or no information in regard 
to the game previous to the 15th cen- 
tury. One writer surmises that shep- 
herds tending to their flocks in prehis- 
toric times were the originators. Their 
staffs or crooks reversed would serve as 
clubs and small round stones in the 
fields might have served as golf -balls. 

It is quite a natural thing that a per- 
son with a club in hand should strike 
an object such as a stone. Two shep- 
herds on meeting might compete with 
one another. Their stones at times 
might have dropped into a rabbit hole 
and by deepening same they no doubt 
played short strokes or putts. As their 
sheep strayed away, the idea probably 
dawned on them that if they made a 
series of holes, they could tend their 
flocks and play also. 

As the holes were quite far apart it 



Silence is Golden. 

7 



was necessary to mark the holes which 
was done by putting a tag of wool on 
the end of a stick. This method of 
marking the hole was still in use on 
some courses, only a few years back. 

That shepherds were the originators 
seems logical but however it is not au- 
thentic. 

The word golf has been traced to the 
Teutonic term Kolbe meaning club and 
from that the Dutch word Kolf . If this 
tracing is correct it would appear that 
the game of Golf was the game of club. 

Probably the first official mention of 
Golf is in the Statutes of Scotland of the 
year 1457, which state that the game 
of Golf must be abolished and the na- 
tional pastime of Archery be indulged 
in. In those days the bow and arrow 
were the common weapons of war. With 
the people neglecting their Archery it 
is very easy to realize that their negli- 
gence might have bad results. 

At the time of James the II, Golf 
was a general amusement in Scotland. 
The game was introduced to Northern 
parts of Britain about the 15th century. 
The game was mentioned in several lat- 
er statutes which had for their object 

From trivial things great contests oft arise. 



8 



the abolishment of the game. However, 
with the invention of gun powder, the 
bow and arrow were displaced as mili- 
tary weapons and the statutes were not 
enforced. It was the favorite pastime 
of nobility and gentry at that time in 
all parts of Scotland. 

King Charles I, James II, Mary Queen 
of Scots, King William IV, Dr. John- 
son, David Garrick, the Earl of Mont- 
rose were all ardent golfers. 

The first mention that is found of 
caddies is related in Clark's Historical 
Account of the Game. Andrew Dick- 
son, a golf club maker, had in his youth 
carried the clubs for the Duke of York 
(afterwards James II) and would run 
before him and announce where the ball 
fell. 

History narrates a competition be- 
tween the Duke of York, his partner 
John Patersone and two English noble- 
men. In those days rivalry between 
Scotland and England was very keen 
especially in the various sports. The 
best player in Scotland at that time was 
a poor cobbler named Patersone. The 
Duke of York secured this man for his 
partner and the game was played. 

His heart cannot be pure whose tongue is not clean. 



9 



The Duke and the cobbler were com- 
pletely victorious. An equal share of 
the stakes was given to the cobbler 
with which he built a comfortable cot- 
tage at Canongate. The Duke placed a 
tablet on the wall of the building bear- 
ing the coat-of-arms of the Patersone 
family. 

The links of Leith were the scene of 
most of the important golf events of 
the olden times. 

James the VI in 1618 placed a high 
tariff on the imported golf balls which 
came from Holland, in order to protect 
the Scotch manufacturers. The golf 
balls in the early days were made of 
hard pressed feathers with a leather 
covering, larger than the present ball. 

Some of the older and most popular 
of the Scotch courses are St. Andrews, 
Prestwick, Honorable Company of Ed- 
inburgh Golfers, Bruntsfield, North 
Berwick, Carnoustie, Trow, Montrose 
and Elie. 

The game in England has been pop- 
ular only since about 1865. Blackheath 
was founded in 1608. However the 
game was played there very little in the 
early days. Today in England golf has 

Not to break is better than to mend. 



10 



literally spread itself over the entire 
country. Some of their oldest and most 
important clubs are Westward Ho,. 
Holylake, Sandwich, Great Yarmouth^ 
Lancaster, Wimblidon, Tooting Bee and 
Blackheath. 

The game was first played in Ireland 
at the Kinnegar course. Other impor- 
tant Irish courses are Portrush, New- 
castle, Holywood and Dollymount. 

France has several golf courses, the 
most important are Biarritz and Pau. 

The first golf club to organize in the 
United States was the St. Andrews 
Club of Yonkers 1888. Shennecock Hills 
was founded soon after in 1890. The 
game in this country has shown more 
marked advance than in any other coun- 
try. There are today over 2,000 golf 
courses in the United States. 

Important Events in the Progress of 
the Game 

The Gutta-percha ball was substitut- 
ed for the '^f eatheries" in 1848. 

The open championship (British 
Isles) established in 1860, Willie Park, 
Sr., winner. 

The amateur championship (British 

Unto the pure all things are pure.^ 



11 



Isles) established in 1886, H. G. Hutch- 
inson, winner. 

The ladies' championship (British 
Isles) established in 1893. 

The American open and amateur 
championships established in 1895, 

The present style of rubber cored ball 
was first experimented on by Colburn 
Haskell in the United States in 1898. 

The Western Golf Association was 
founded in Chicago, 1899. 

In 1902 the rubber-cored ball was in- 
troduced in Great Britain. 

First amateur international match 
was played in 1902. 

First professional international 
match was played in 1903. 

The House of Lords (England) re- 
fused a patent for the rubber cored ball 
in 1907. 

New code of rules was adopted in 
1908. 

Important changes in stymie and out 
of bounds rules 1920, 

It is suggested that you secure from 
your public library books that are de- 
voted to the history of the game. They 
are exceedingly interesting and will be 
profitable reading. 

Crown every passing day with some good action daily. 



12 



Golf in America by James P. Lee. 
Golf — A Royal and Ancient Game by 
Robert Clark. 

Questions 

1. From what word is the present 

term Golf derived from? 

2 . In what year was Golf first official- 

ly mentioned? 

3 . Explain why Golf was mentioned in 

the Statutes of Scotland? 

4. Tell about the first mention that is 

made of caddies? 

5. Explain how James VI protected 

the Scotch manufacturer of golf 
balls? 

6. Explain the construction of golf 

balls of that period ? 

7. When was the Gutta-Percha ball 

first used? 

8 . When was the present rubber-cored 

ball first used in the United 
States? 

9. In what year was the new code of 

rules adopted? 
10. Name some of the important clubs 
in Scotland, England, Ireland, 
France and the two oldest clubs 
in the United States ? 

Hustle is in the head, not the feet. 



13 



CHAPTER II 
WATCHING THE BALL 

Your first and foremost duty is to 
watch your players ball. This is the 
principal reason why you are engaged. 
Study this chapter thoroughly, learn 
how to mark the ball and then apply 
what you have learned. 

As your player steps to the tee to 
address the ball, take your position di- 
rectly opposite to him, just off the tee, 
have your bag on your shoulder. Fasten 
your eye on the ball as it rests on the 
tee. Strict attention. Do not allow the 
backward swing of the club to deflect 
your sight. 

As the ball rises from the strike 
of the club head, keep your eye on It, 
watch it rise and then as it comes down, 
observe closely. There may be times 
when you may not be able to observe 
exactly where it lands by reason of its 
falling in a gulley lower than your line 
of vision, however, watch it until it 
comes down to the line of the earth. 

Now for your markings, observe that 
particular spot where you saw the ball 
land, note every detail about It, shaded 
grass, cluster of weeds, stump, tree, in 

Be on the job, always. 



14 



fact anything that will not be moved 
before you get there. This is called Lo- 
cation, the exact spot where the ball 
landed. 

When that spot is clearly fixed 
in your mind, let your eyes follow out 
the line further. You will soon observe 
some object which will be in direct line, 
such as a tree, fence post, corner of a 
house, chimney, flag-pole, in fact any 
fixed object even though it be several 
hundred yards away from where you 
stand as long as it is in direct line. This 
is called Direction. Caddies are not us- 
ually trained by this latter help. After 
you have applied it you no doubt will 
agree that it is mighty helpful. 

When all the players in your party 
have driven off then follow your line. In 
case of a badly hooked or sliced ball into 
the rough, it is well to go after the ball 
immediately after it has been hit. If 
the players choose to go down the fair- 
way together, that is no concern of 
yours. Your job is to watch that ball 
to mark it and then to find it. If you 
go after it in a business like fashion 
you'll have the player trailing after you. 

If there is any special feature a golfer 

Always replace the turf. 



15 



admires in his caddie, it is an eagle eye. 
Such a caddie makes golfing a pleasure 
with any other type of caddie, Golf is 
merely an exercising of the different 
faculties including the tongue, which 
you perhaps have reason to know. When 
you get to the exact spot, that is, ac- 
cording to your marking, here is where 
you will find Direction helpful. 

Glance back to the tee or place where 
you stood when the ball was driven and 
then glance ahead to the object you 
marked for Direction. If you are not in 
direct line, shift yourself to either side 
whichever it may be. If you cannot 
see the ball then slip the bag from your 
shoulder and lay it on that spot. Have 
the heads of the clubs face the Direc- 
tion and the bottom of the bag face the 
point from which you started. Then 
circle the bag, that is, walk around the 
bag in a circle taking a wider circle 
each time around, making sure that you 
cover every inch of the ground. 

If the ball still persists in hiding 
from you then ask yourself these ques- 
tions, was it a ball driven high that 
would land at a dead stop or was it a 
low ball that might run several yards ? 

A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 



16 



Is the grass matty or is it loose? If 
matty or crab grass, the ball may be 
just underneath some tuft; if loose 
grass you can allow for a roll. Are 
there any ground mole holes right 
there? It may have dropped in one of 
them. Are there any rocks or stones 
or hard surface which might deflect the 
ball if it struck them? 

The rules allow a five minute search 
for a ball but usually the golfer is dis- 
gusted after two minutes. You see that 
means, you must do the things men- 
tioned very quickly. 

As stated before, if the ball is badly 
hooked or sliced into the rough where 
you know you are going to have trouble 
finding it, it is well to go right after it 
before the other players drive off. Do- 
ing this while the location is fresh on 
your mind will be very helpful and also 
it will give you more time to look for 
the ball. 

Questions 

1. Define the word caddie? 

2. What is your first and foremost 

duty? 

3. Explain Location? 

4. Explain Direction? 

He who is best educated is most useful. 



17 



5. Should you at any time go after 

your player's ball before the oth- 
er players drive off? 

6. Explain how to mark a ball accu- 

rately? 

7 . When you have difficulty in finding 

the ball, what questions should 
you ask yourself? 

8 . How long do the rules allow a per- 

son to search for a lost ball ? 

9. ^^Tiat is meant by circling the bag? 
10. What is an eagle-eyed caddie? 

In order to find the ball you must mark it carefully. 
Location and Direction. 




18 



TODAY 



Sure, this world is full of trouble — 

I ain't said it ain't. 
Lord! Fve had enough an' double 

Eeason for complaint. 
Rain an' storm have come to fret me, 

Skies were often gray; 
Thorns an' bramibles have beset me, 

On the road — but, say. 

Ain't it fine today! 

What's the use of always weepin', 

Makin' trouble last ? 
What's the use of always keepin' 

Thinkin' of the past? 
Each must have his tribulation. 

Water with his wine. 
Life, it ain't no celebration. 

Trouble? I've had mine — 

But today is fine. 

It's today that I am livin', 

Not a month ago, 
Havin', losin', takin', givin'. 

As time wills it so. 
Yesterday a cloud of sorrow 

Fell across the way; 
It may rain again tomorrow. 

It may rain — but say, 

Ain't it fine today! 

— Douglas Malloch, 



19 



CHAPTER III 
NAMES OF CLUBS, TYPES 
, AND USES 
Driver; plain wood head; long shaft; 

tee shots, long distance. 
Driver; Ivory faced; long shaft; tee 

shots, long distance. 
Driver; fibre faced; tee shots, long dis- 
tance. 

Brassie; similar to Driver, face more 
lofted, brass plate on sole, long shaft ; 
2nd shot, Fairway. Long Distance. 

Baffie; similar to Brassie, has more 
loft; Cuppy or hanging lies, semi- 
rough grass. 

Spoon; smaller head than BafRe, same 
loft; cuppy or hanging lies, semi- 
rough grass. 

Wooden Cleek; similar to Spoon; for 
good lies on fairways or tee shots. 

Cleek; all iron head, narrow face, 
straight face, long shaft; for dis- 
tance on fairway. 

Driving Iron; all iron head, face prac- 
tically straight; long distance on 
fairway, fair lies. 

Mid-Iron; more loft than Driving Iron, 
less weight, medium shaft ; 3rd shots, 
running up approach. 

Be neat and tidy always. 



20 



Mashie Iron; slightly more lofted; 3rd 
shots, running up approach. 

Jigger; more loft than Mashie Iron, 
narrow face; general approach shots, 
high ball with little roll. 

Mid-Mashie ; same loft as Jigger, deeper 
face; for approaching. 

Mashie; slightly more lofted than Mid- 
Mashie, same face ; approach shots, 
fair lies in sandpits, bunkers, semi- 
rough. 

Back Spin Mashie, Dead Stop Mashie; 
same as Mashie, has corrugated 
(heavy ribbed) face which tends to 
spin the ball backwards; general 
approach shots, practically dead stop, 
no roll. 

Mashie-Niblic ; more loft than Mashie, 
larger face with rounded top; bunk- 
ers, sand traps, rough grass, poor 
lies. 

Niblic; more loft than Mashie Niblic, 
very deep face ; for the worst lies, tall 
grass, depressions. 

Putting Cleek; all metal head, straight 
face, short shaft ; for putting on close 
cut fairway near greens. 

Putter; straight face, short shaft, mal- 
let head (wood or metal) and regular 

To make a sacrifice is a very worthy thing to do. 



21 



iron head; for putting greens. 
There are various trade names ap- 
plied to clubs such as Crow-Flight clubs, 
Dreadnaught Drivers, Schenectady Put- 
ters, etc. The main difference between 
these clubs and the regular models is 
their shape or face markings. How- 
ever, the ball is struck by the face of a 
club and you can readily determine by 
the loft of the face as to its purpose. 
Special Advantages to Golf Balls in 
Weights and Sizes 
Large Size — 

Light Weight: For moderate hitters ; 

soft turf conditions ; water holes. 
Medium Weight: For accurate flight. 

Usually floater. 
Heavy Weight: Usually a high pow- 
ered ball, for long carry. 
Medium Size — 

Light Weight: For women and light 
hitters ; generally for water holes 
and the accurate ''holding'' of 
greens or short holes. 
Medium Weight: For those who de- 
sire to combine the advantages of 
extreme sizes and extreme weights. 
Heavy Weight : For long distance use 
in wind, fairly hard turf conditions 

Every cloud has a silvery lining. 



22 



and for the player who wishes to 
combine the advantages of both ex- 
tremes in sizes ; for use when play- 
ing against wind. 
Small Size — 

Light Weight: For a quick response 
to a lighter blow: 

Medium Weight : For the average dis- 
tance player; good in wind and al- 
most any turf. 

Heavy Weight : For extreme distance 
in carry and roll and for long play- 
ers particularly ; excellent in heavy 
wind and on smooth hard courses. 
Questions 

1. Name the different kinds of Driv- 

ers? 

2 . Name the wooden clubs ? 

3 . Name the iron clubs ? 

4. When should the Brassie be used? 

5. Explain the difference between 

Cleek and Driving Iron ? 

6. What club should be used for a 

running-up approach? 

7 . What is the Mashie used for ? 

8 . Explain the purpose of a back-spin 

mashie ? 

9 . When should the Niblic be used ? 
10. In what way are all putters simi- 
lar? 



23 



CHAPTER IV 
ABILITY 

Thorough Knowledge of the Game 

Your ability as a caddie means the 
knowledge you possess of the job that 
you are attempting to perform. 
Careful Study of the Rules 

You should make a very thorough 
study of Chapter 9 which gives you the 
Rules of Golf. It is very essential that 
you should first know the rules of the 
game and the conditions v^^hich govern 
its play. You will be able to learn and 
apply your own special duties as a cad- 
die much easier when you are familiar 
with the game. You will then thor- 
oughly understand why you must per- 
form your duties according to rules. 

You would hardly expect a carpenter 
to be able to build a house simply be- 
cause he can drive a nail straight. The 
same principle applies to caddie service. 
The fact that you can carry a bag has 
little bearing as to whether you can 
give good caddie service. 

Knowledge of the Course 

You should know your course thor- 
oughly. The location of sand traps, 
hunkers, rough grass, gulleys, elbow 



Make sure you're right then go ahead. 

24 



holes and any peculiar features of the 
course; such knowledge on your part 
might be helpful to the golfer, provided 
you inform him on time. You should 
have a mental picture of the course in 
your mind. This is very easy to ac- 
quire. Simply observe and note every 
peculiar feature of the course. 

Know the Names of the Clubs and 
Their Uses 

Knowledge of the names of clubs, 
their type and uses is also very essen- 
tial to a first class caddie. You should 
know by heart the chapter devoted to 
clubs and their uses. The carpenter 
must know all the tools necessary in his 
trade, so you also must know all the 
clubs in your bag. 

Golf BaUs— Different Makes 

It is well to know the different makes 
of golf balls, their weights, light, medi- 
um or heavy. You should be able to 
classify the balls as sinkers or floaters. 
How many times have you seen the 
golfer fumble around the balls in the 
bag in search of a floater and then turn 
to you and ask you which ball will 
float? 

When you are out with a good player 

An ounce of loyalty is worth a pound of cleverness. 



25 



ask him why he uses a certain kind of 
a ball. He has a reason and he will 
gladly tell you. A heavy ball for a 
hard hitter and so on. It is important 
that you should know the different golf 
balls in order to give superior service. 
Read Golf Notes 

You should always read the golf 
notes on the sporting page of the news- 
paper. Doing so will broaden your 
mind. You will become familiar with 
the names of the best players, their 
scores and contests. Should you get 
hold of a book on golf, read it from 
cover to cover and then tell your fellow 
caddies about what you have read. 

An athletic catalog, plenty of them 
are lying about the golf shop, which 
have several pages devoted to golf 
equipment. Read them, you will find 
added information. Golf magazines are 
gold mines for golf information of all 
sorts even the advertisements will in- 
crease your knowledge. 

Play the Game 

A trainer for a prize fighter must 
know how to fight, a caretaker for a 
race horse must know how to ride, so 
you also in order to best look after the 

He who knows most says least. 



26 



interests of your player, you must know 
how to play the game. This one thing 
alone does more to improve a caddie's 
service than anything else. It builds up 
an interest in the game. You realize 
what the golfer is up against in order 
to get a good score. You are able to 
sympathize or encourage his playing 
instead of ridiculing him. 

If your club does not have a caddie 
course, then get some of your pals to- 
gether, find a vacant field, get a few 
tin cans for holes, ask the green keeper 
to loan you an old mower and with lit- 
tle effort you can prepare a six hole 
course that will answer your purpose 
for practice. Bunkers and sand pits 
for your needs are easily built. As for 
a club, if your player has an old club in 
his locker that he never uses, ask him 
for it politely. If he refuses, you haven't 
lost anything, so ask another player. 
Practical Application of Instruction 
As stated before, .your first and most 
essential duty is watching the ball. The 
chapter devoted to that subject should 
be thoroughly mastered. Too much 
emphasis cannot be laid on this most 
important duty. It is the principal 

In prosperity caution, in adversity patience. 



27 



reason why you are employed as cad- 
die, so train yourself to become an 
eagle-eyed caddie. 

Remember always, that the ball while 
it is in play should not be touched in 
any manner by the caddie except at the 
request of your player/ 

Carrying the Bag 

The bag may be carried on either 
shoulder, preferably the right, although 
if the bag is heavy it is well to shift 
from either shoulder during the course 
of a round. Do not allow the clubs to 
rattle; it is exceedingly annoying to the 
golfer and injurious to the club heads. 
Your hand placed flat on club-heads will 
prevent this rattling. 

Unless you are a very small boy or 
your bag is exceedingly heavy, it is 
v\'ell to keep your bag on your shoulder 
all during the course of a round, ex- 
cepting when you are at the flag; the 
bag should then be laid just off the 
green, never on the green. And be 
careful that the bag is so placed that it 
is not in any player's line of play or line 
of vision. 

The caddie who won the gold service medal last 
season also made the most money. 



28 



Position At the Tee and on the 
Fairway 

Your position while the player is on 
the tee is directly opposite to him, just 
off the tee. You should face slightly 
toward the line of play. Hold your po- 
sition in absolute quiet until all the 
players have driven off, then go after 
your ball. Stand by your player^s ball 
until he gets there and after he has 
chosen his club take your position ten 
feet directly opposite. This is your po- 
sition on any part of the fairway. 

If the ball is in the rough, it is well 
to take that position in which you can 
best observe the flight of the ball, be- 
ing careful not to be within ten feet of 
the player. If the player's ball goes 
into a sandpit, take your position well 
away from the player, outside the sand- 
pit. You are never to go into a sandpit. 
After the player leaves the sandpit, 
reach in with a club and brush over his 
footprints. 

Position At the Green 

At the green if your player's ball is 
on the green first or nearest the green 
it is your turn to take the flag. Stand 
not nearer than twelve inches of the 

Sloth is the mother of poverty. 



29 



hole on that side that will cast your 
shadow away from the hole. Have the 
staff loose so that it will slip out read- 
ily. If there is a flag, grip the staff 
where the flag is and prevent it from 
fluttering. Face the player who is put- 
ting. If his putt is coming direct for the 
hole, remove the staff when the ball 
gets within three feet of the hole. 

Never allow the ball to touch the staff 
or you. Such carelessness on your part 
would cost the player the loss of the 
hole in match play and two strokes in 
medal play. If the player farthest 
away is nearer than fifteen feet, it us- 
ually is not necessary to stand at the 
hole, so remove the staff and take that 
position on the edge of the green where 
your shadow will be behind you. 

After all the players have putted 
down, you should replace the staff very 
carefully so that you will not mar the 
hole, after which get your bag and go 
to the next tee. If it is not your turn 
at the flag and the proper caddie is 
there, then you and all other caddies 
while the players are putting should 
stand off the green in absolute quiet. 
Putting is the most critical part of the 

Better to go to bed supperless than to rise in debt. 



30 



play and the golfer requires absolute 
quiet. 

Golfer's Line of Play 
Never walk across a golfer's line of 
play. Outside of the annoyance caused, 
to the golfer it is exceedingly danger- 
ous on your part. On the putting green 
you should be very careful as your foot- 
prints are liable to cause a depression 
making it impossible for the golfer to 
putt over accurately. 

Replacing Turf 
If ever a person wanted to know the 
quality of the caddies at any particular 
club without seeing the caddies, he 
would simply have to walk out on the 
course for a hole or two and glance at 
the turf for bare spots caused by cad- 
dies not replacing divots. The replac- 
ing of a piece of turf takes but a mo- 
ment, simply picking it up, replacing it 
and stamping on it. Most golfers are 
particular about this but whether the 
golfer is or not, make it your duty to 
always replace the turf thereby doing 
your bit in keeping the course in condi- 
tion. 

See a pin and let it lie, you'll want a pin before yoit 
die. 



31 



Golf Balls Found on the Course 

Golf balls found on the course while 
you are caddying should be turned over 
to your player. If your caddie master 
gives you permission to go out on the 
course to search for golf balls, these 
should be turned over to the caddie 
master or golf-professional who will 
pay you for them. 

You are not allowed to take golf balls 
away from your course except with per- 
mission from the authorized person to 
give such permission. Taking golf balls 
from the course is a misdemeanor and 
is punishable by law. Avoid such seri- 
ous difficulties by disposing of the balls 
in the proper manner. 

Questions 

1. Is it necessary for a caddie to 

know the important rules of 
Golf? 

2. What should a caddie know about 

the Golf course? 

3. Name six different makes of golf 

balls? 

4 . Name two sinkers ? 

5. What should be done with golf 

balls found on the course? 

6. Should a caddie play golf and why? 

Now is now here but tomorrow's nowhere. 



32 



7. What must be done with divots 

that are torn up by the Golfer ? 

8. Where do you stand when the 

player is on the tee? On the 
fairway ? In the rough ? On the 
green ? 

9 . Explain how you stand at the pin ? 
10'. What is the penalty if the ball 

strikes the caddie who is at the 
flag? 

The path of duty looks harder than it is. 
The path of pleasure is harder than it looks. 




33 



CHAPTER V 
INTEREST 
Attention To Your Duty 

Interest means the way in which 
you apply yourself to your player's 
game. You have already been warned 
of the importance of watching the ball. 
Always bear in mind that the loss of a 
ball costs your player the hole in match 
play and two strokes in medal play. So 
you see, if you are interested you will 
never aUow the ball to get away from 
you. 

Absolute Quiet While Players Are Mak- 
ing a Shot 
It is a peculiar thing about golf that 
the slightest noise will cause the player 
to spoil his shot. You should be anx- 
ious to have your man play a good game, 
then assist him by being quiet and at- 
tentive. 

Eliminate Gossiping and Petty 
Annoyances 

Caddies constantly chatting on the 
course, is not giving the golfer a 
square deal. You have plenty of time 
to talk in going from the Green to the 
Tee, so avoid this gossiping while the 
ball is in play. Petty annoyances of all 

Always be up to the ball before the player. 



34 



kinds such as rattling of clubs, shifting 
about, restlessness, twitching, these 
must all be avoided if you want the 
golfer to feel that you are interested. 
Be Up To Your Ball Before the Player 

You should always be up to your ball 
before your player. Never have the 
golfer wait for you. When the golfer 
arrives at the place where the ball is, 
he glances at the lie, and almost in- 
stantly he knows the club that will give 
him the desired results and if he uses 
that club without delay, the chances 
are, he will be successful 

On the other hand, if he has to wait 
for a lagging caddie to get up to him, 
the delay oftentimes annoys him, so 
that he cannot put his best efforts in 
the stroke. Put yourself in the golfer's 
place, see how you would like to have 
a caddie who was always lagging be- 
hind. You wouldn't like it and you 
would probably let the caddie know 
your thoughts. 

Often times the golfer restrains him- 
self by not scolding you because he is 
interested in you and would rather 
have his relations with you pleasant. 
Don't impose on a golfer's good nature. 



Live within your means. 

35 



so make it a point to always be up to 
your ball before your player. 

Be At the Flag 

When your ball is on the green first, 
hand your player his putter and as you 
near the green, snap up to the flag. 
There is no reason for delay, yet how 
many times have you seen the players 
waiting for a caddie to get up to the 
flag. Avoid all such delay; if the cad- 
die who should be at the flag is not 
there, go to it yourself. He will do as 
much for you. That's team work and 
it is the kind of action that is going to 
interest the members in your caddie 
organization. 

Never Cross a Golfer's Line of Play 

You have been warned in the previous 
chapter about the danger of crossing a 
golfer's line of play. Allow the player 
to make his shot and then cross. 
Proper Club 

When you are familiar with the clubs 
your Player uses on different lies, it is 
well to pick out the club and hand it to 
him, grip first, only when you are fa- 
miliar with his playing. Some golfers 
appreciate this ''selecting club" service, 
others do not. So avoid doing things 

Put your shoulder to the -^heel. 



86 



that will displease the golfer even 
though you may have the best of in- 
tentions. 

Never Swing Your Player's Clubs 

Your player's clubs are his own per- 
sonal property. Some of his clubs are 
favorites which he would not part with 
for any amount of money. Yet you 
have seen caddies take clubs out of the 
player's bag and swing them. Whether 
it is a desire to show off their ability or 
just plain stupidity it is hard to say. 

You wouldn't think of jumping into 
your player's car and driving around 
with it, yet the car might not be any 
worse off than the club you swing. 
Avoid swinging your player's clubs. 
You are the caretaker for that bag of 
clubs that you carry, so look after them 
and handle them only when the player 
wants them. 

Keep Score 
You can often times be of much as- 
sistance to your player by keeping 
score. You should always carry a score 
card and pencil in your guide. Some 
players' minds are diverted to other 
things and your keeping tabs on their 
score might be very helpful. You should 

Little and often, fills the purse. 



37 



always keep in mind the number of 

strokes your player has taken. You 
are the one he will ask, so be ready with 
a decisive answer and not have to stop 
and think and then make a guess. Keep- 
ing the golfer informed in this manner 
is often times very helpful. 

Encourage the Player 

It is well to encourage the player in 
every way possible. An encouraging 
word has saved more than one match. 
Try and have him forget his poor shots 
and if he is talkative with you, men- 
tion the fact that there are good shots 
left in the bag and even if he goes to 
pieces on a hole, have him know that 
the next hole is a new life. 

His Game, Your Game 

Remember always that the Player^s 
game is your game. That you are go- 
ing to sink or swim with him, so be 
helpful in every way possible. 

Advise, If Called Upon 

Be ready with advice if the player 
asks for it as to bunkers, sand traps, 
rough grass, direction of wind, greens 
slow or fast. You should have this in- 
formation at the tip of your tongue. If 
he asks your advice about which club 



Cheap is dear in the long run. 

38 



to use, don't simply make a guess, 
study the lie and the distance wanted 

and then tell him the club that you 
think he could use to the best advan- 
tage. 

Clean Ball At Every Tee 

The very first thing that you should 
do when you meet your player is to ask 
him for the ball so that you may wash 
it. You will create a good impression 
at the very start. Brighten it up at 
every tee. You will find that the golfer 
will appreciate this interest on your 
part and incidentally when it is in the 
rough it is far easier to find when it is 
clean. 

Know Your Player 

You should remember your player's 
name when the caddie master gives you 
the bag and when you have occasion to 
speak to him during the round you 
should address him by name. Study 
your player. You have a wonderful op- 
portunity to study human nature on the 
golf course. No two players are alike. 
On the first few holes notice your play- 
er's peculiarities, his whims or fancies 
and when you know how he wants his 

To err is human, to forgive divine. 



39 



caddie to act, cater to him and you will 
be giving real service. 

Questions 

1. Define interest? 

2 . Why should you be quiet while the 

player is making a shot ? 

3. How can you avoid the rattling of 

clubs? 

4. Should you cross a golfer's line of 

play? 

5. When should you pick out clubs 

for the player? 

6. Should you swing your player's 

clubs? 

7. When should you offer advice to 

the player? 

8. How often should you clean the 

player's ball? 

9. Should you know your player's 

name? 

10 . How will you know the best way to 
serve your player? 

When your temper overcomes your real self, count 
from 1 to 10. 




40 



CHAPTER VI 
BEHAVIOR 
Courtesy 

This chapter deals with your actions 
other than your specific duties. It is 
very important that you should conduct 
yourself in a gentlemanly manner. The 
golfers you caddie for are the big busi- 
ness men of your community. During 
their business hours some people find 
it extremely difficult to get even a few 
minutes of their time. Yet on the golf 
course you have an opportunity to 
mingle in their company for the full 
course of a round. 

You have probably never looked on 
caddie service in just this light, but it 
is a good point and perhaps in later 
years you may regret your actions as a 
caddie, in lamenting over lost oppor- 
tunities. Every time that you get a 
chance to go out, accept it as an oppor- 
tunity and make the most of it. 

Your actions may impress the 
golfer, which may cause him to assist 
and perhaps direct the moulding of your 
career. This has been done in cases too 
numerous to mention. The pay that 
you receive is trifling in comparison to 

Anger and haste hinder good counsel. 



41 



the opportunity. If you keep this fact 
in mind always you are bound to give 
better service. 

Keep Off Player's Bench 

How many times have you noticed, 
especially with foursomes, the players 
on arriving at the tee find their bench 
filled up with caddies. This is certainly 
extremely disrespectful on your part 
and equally disgusting to the golfer. 
Players First At Drinking Fountains 

Always allow the players to use the 
drinking fountains first. Common de- 
cency should tell you that this is proper. 
Sometimes in your eagerness to be 
ready for your player, you rush ahead 
of the players to the fountain, your in- 
tentions are good but you are hardly ex- 
cusable, even in such a case. 

Washing the Ball 

You have been informed in a previ- 
ous chapter of the necessity of keeping 
the ball clean. The player v/ill appre- 
ciate this courtesy on your part. It is 
a part of your duty and your player 
should not be forced to ask you to clean 
the ball. Have a clean ball ready at 
every tee. 

Wise men learn by other men's mistakes ; fools by 
their own. 



42 



Tee Up Ball If Necessary 
If you are caddying for people who 
are old or infirm (and there are many 
who play the game) it should be your 
duty to assist them in every way pos- 
sible. If teeing up the ball would be 
helpful, then do it in a willing manner. 
It is a simple act on your part, yet it 
might be an exertion for an infirm per- 
son. 

Be Willing and Congenial 
You should always be willing and anx- 
ious to give service. Many a new cad- 
die has come in from a round with an 
excellent card and it was his willing at- 
titude that earned that mark for him. 
Willingness and a congenial spirit may 
cover some of the failings you may 
have. 

A pleasant attitude in a caddie is 
always desirable. Golfers as well as all 
other people like to have persons around 
them who are cheerful and pleasant. If 
you are in a grouchy mood in the morn- 
ing, shake yourself loose from it before 
you go to the links. Because you may 
have some temporary ailment or worry, 
that is- not excuse enough for you to 
cover the golf course with your gloom. 

Punctuality is the soul of business. 



43 



Wear a smile always. Golf is intended 
as a pleasure as well as an exercise, so 
show the golfer by your courtesy and 
your cheery disposition that you are 
striving to have him get all the pleasure 
out of the game that is possible. 

Assist Your Fellow-Caddie 

The golf course is the finest place in 
the world to put into effect the golden 
rule. How many times when the ball 
w^as hit and your eyes were in another 
direction and you turned to another cad- 
die and asked him if he had seen your 
ball, what a relief it was when he told 
you just where it went. Although you 
should not have had your eyes in an- 
other direction, still it was mighty nice 
of him to assist you, so do as much for 
him, if not more. 

Help the other caddies when their ball 
is in the rough. They will appreciate 
your favor and they will be eager to do 
the same for you. Such team work will 
make an organization of your caddie 
group instead of just a collection of 
boys. Be fair and honest in your deal- 
ings, whether it be to golfer or fellow- 
caddie. A square deal always merits 
your approval; see that you always 
give one. 



44 



Actions Around Caddie-House 

It is a peculiar thing that often times 
a caddie who is very polite and courte- 
ous on the golf course is equally coarse 
and badly behaved around the caddie 
quarters. 

It may be that your caddie-house al- 
ways was a breeding place for coarse- 
ness or it may be oversight on the part 
of the authorities but in either case you 
can hardly excuse yourself unless you 
try to improve it by your language and 
actions. Make your caddie room a 
pleasant place to spend your leisure 
time. Ask your caddie master to inter- 
est the members toward equipping the 
room properly. Have magazines and 
books, have a little lunch counter with 
a place to check. You must show wil- 
lingness to keep such a room in good 
condition. 

You can hardly expect the members 
to make pleasant quarters if you fail to 
appreciate same. Show the proper in- 
terest and use your energies toward 
building up instead of tearing down. Of- 
fer constructive assistance to your cad- 
die-master; such action on your part is 
bound to repay you. 



How oftentimes is silence the wisest of replies. 



Keep Off Golf Course 

You should always keep within your 
caddie bounds. Keep off the golf course 
except when you have permission. How 
many times do you know of caddies 
slipping away from the caddie-house 
and then when out of sight start play- 
ing on the course. These lads are spoil- 
ing the chances of ail the other caddies 
from using the course for a caddies 
tournament. 

Confine your golf to your cad- 
dies course and the caddie master will 
be able to secure the use of the regular 
course for your tournaments. 

Politeness 

It should hardly be necessary to say 
much about Politeness, yet after a per- 
son notices how careless some caddies 
are in this respect, it is necessary to call 
attention to it. Politeness is one thing 
that cannot be overdone. You never 
knew anybody to be too polite. You 
know all the proper words, Sir, Ma'am, 
Thank You, Beg Pardon, etc., then use 
them. Say them at every opportunity, 
bearing in mind always that you never 
can be too polite. 

When caddying for ladies, you should 



You never know what you can do until you try. 
46 



be exceedingly polite. Show to them 
the utmost courtesy and respect. When 
the members take up the subject of cad- 
die welfare at your club, you will find 
that if the women of the organization 
are interested in the caddie service, 
there will be no limit to the members' 
generosity and they will become deeply 
interested in your affairs. 

During the World War it was the 
women who kept up the morale in Army 
and Navy life. A dreary, monotonous 
existence was made pleasant by these 
true patriots who gave up their com- 
forts and devoted their time to laboring 
in hospitals, canteens, camps and receiv- 
ing stations and in the devastated 
areas as nurses, stretcher bearers and 
ambulance drivers. The very women at 
your club were engaged in this humane 
work during the war. Show your ap- 
preciation and tender to them the ut- 
most respect and try to improve their 
golf-game in every possible way. 
Handling the Clubs 

Hand the clubs to the players prop- 
erly. Do not be careless or slovenly. It 
is impolite to hand a club any other 
way but grip first. Show the utmost 

Idleness is the root of all evil. 



47 



respect to your players and superiors. 
As was stated in the beginning of the 
chapter that the- men you are caddying 
for are the big business men of your 
community. They command your re- 
spect, so don't force them to demand it. 
Prove to him at the very first tee that 
you are well brought up, that you know 
how to be courteous and polite, and that 
you are going to display these qualities 
at every opportunity. 

Questions 

1. What effect will good behavior 

have on your later life? 

2. Should you use the Player's bench? 

3. When should you use the drinking 

fountains ? 

4. Should you tee up the ball? 

5. What benefit do you derive from 

being pleasant and congenial ? 

6. How should you treat your fellow 

caddie? 

7 . How should you act around the cad- 

die-house ? 

8. Should you play on the regular 

course? 

9 . How polite must a caddie be ? 
10. Why should you be polite? 

There are no gains without pains, then plough deep 
while lazy ones sleep. 



48 



CHAPTER VII 
APPEARANCE 

The appearance of the caddie is now 
being recognized more than ever before. 
This subject only a few years back was 
rarely, if ever, considered. At the pres- 
ent time some clubs bear that marking 
on the caddie check on which he is rat- 
ed as a part of his service and this is 
rightly so when you consider the im- 
portant part a person's appearance 
plays in later life. 

It is only natural that an attempt 
should be made to have the caddie form 
habits that will tend to keep him clean 
and tidy. You may be a very capable 
caddie, you may be thoroughly inter- 
ested in your player's game, your be- 
havior may be excellent, all of these 
subjects, important as they are, will be 
lost sight of by the golfer if you are un- 
clean and untidy. This does not mean 
that you should wear Sunday clothes, 
but simply that whatever clothes you 
do wear have them clean. 

H^ve buttons sewed; keep your 
stockings pulled up ; wear garters ; have 
your trousers properly fastened at the 
knee. Torn clothing is not excusable at 



Fools' names you see on benches and walls. 
49 



any time. Get a needle and thread and 
sew them yourself if necessary. It is 
an easy thing to do. Keep your shoes 
or sneakers in good condition. Wear 
comfortable, heavy rubber soled sneak- 
ers. It will save you from getting that 
tired feeling. 

Have your underclothing clean. 

Bathe at least once a w^eek in hot 
water. You do not require a tubful; a 
bucketful will answer. Lather yourself 
well with soap and then use a sponge 
dipped in the hot water. This done 
weekly will keep your body in a healthy 
condition. Take a cold shower when- 
ever possible. 

Clean your teeth twice daily. You 
have that preached to you at home and 
at school, yet how many times do you 
slip up on this important duty. This 
habit practiced regularly will save you 
hours of agony and many dollars in lat- 
er life. 

Keep your hair trimmed w^hether it 
be done at home or at the barbers'. 
Wash your hair at least once a week. 
Keep it combed. 

Breathe fresh air especially in your 
bedroom. Fresh air as well as sunshine 

Water run by will not turn a mill. 



50 



kills the germs of contagious diseases. 
Breathe through the nose and not the 
mouth. Breathe slowly and deeply. Live 
as much as possible in the open air. Do 
not eat too much especially of meat. 
The best foods are milk, cheese, fruits, 
vegetables, bread and potatoes. Avoid 
constipation. Move your bowels once a 
day. Fruits, oils, butter will keep your 
bowels in good order. 

Go to the gymnasium as often as pos- 
sible. Indulge in all branches of ath- 
letics. 

Hold yourself straight, standing, sit- 
ting or walking. Be strong and clean. 
Disease germs will be less liable to get 
hold of you. 

Work hard but get plenty of rest and 
recreation. Get as much sleep as you 
need. If you play well you'll work well. 
Be content and of good cheer. Try to 
drive out of your mind thoughts which 
torment. They have a bad influence on 
your health. Have good companions; 
boys are often times judged by the com- 
pany they keep. 

Questions 

1 . What has a caddie's appearance got 
to do with his service at the links? 

Be ever vigilant but never suspicious. 



51 



2. How often should you bathe? 

3. Why should you clean your teeth 

twice daily? 

4. How often should you wash your 

hair? 

5. Should you keep your bedroom 

window open? 

6 . How should you breathe ? 

7. How can you avoid constipation? 

8. What are the best foods for a 

growing boy? 

9. Should you work hard? 

10. Why should you have a clean mind 
and associate in good company? 

Friendships multiply joys and divide griefs. 
False friends are worse than open enemies. 



A 



52 



CHAPTER VIII 
STATISTICS 

NATIONAL AMATEUR CHAMPIONS 

FIRST CHAMPIONSHIP 
Prior to the Organization of the U. S, G. A. 
Held at Newport (R. I.) Golf Club, September 3, 1894; 
20 entries 

W. G. Lawrence, Newport 47 46 49 46—188 

C. B. Macdonald, Chicago 46 43 50 50—189 

G. McC. Sargent, Essex County . . 52 49 51 49—201 

Victor Sorchan, Newport 50 52 57 53—212 

W. W, Watson, Montreal 54 50 59 51—214 

H. C. Leeds, Boston 51 55 59 52—217 

L. Curtis, Boston 60 52 57 52—221 

James Wright 61 64 65 56—246 

SECOND CHAMPIONSHIP 
Held at the St. Andrews Golf Club, October 11, 12, 13, 1894; won 
by L. B. Stoddart, St. Andrews, who defeated C. B. Mac- 
donald, Chicago Club, Wheaton, 1 up. 
UNDER UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION AUSPICES 




1896 
1897 



1898 
1899 



1900 
1901 



1902 
1903 



1904 
1905 



1906 
1907 



1908 



C. B. Macdonald 

C. E. Sands 

H J. Whigham 

J. G. Thorp 

H. J. Whigham 

W. R. Betts 

Findlay S. Douglas .... 

W. B. Smith 

Herbert M. Harriman . 

Findlay S. Douglas . . 
Walter J. Travis 

Findlay S. Douglas . . 
Walter J. Travis 

Walter E. Egan 

Louis N . James ........ 

E. M. Byers 

Walter J. Travis 

E. M. Byers 

H. Chandler Egan 

Fred Herreshoff 

H. Chandler Egan 

D. E. Sawyer 

E. M. Byers 

George S. Lyon 

Jerome D . Travers .... 

Archibald Graham . . 
Jerome D. Travers .... 
i MaxH. Behr 



12andll 
8 and 7 
8 and 6 
5 and 3 

3 and 2 
2 up 

5 and 4 

4 and 2 

5 and 4 
8 and 6 

6 and 5 
2 up 

6 and 5 
8 and 7 



Newport Golf Club, 

Newport, R. I. 
Shinnecock Hills G. C, 

Shinnecock Hills, L. I. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Morris County G. C, 

Morristown, N. J. 
Onwentsia Club, 

Lake Forest, 111. 
Garden City Golf Club, 

Garden City, L.I.,N.Y. 
C. C. of Atlantic City, 
Atlantic City, N. J. 
Glenview Club, 

Golf, 111. 
Nassau C. C, 

Glen Cove, L. I., N. Y. 
Baltusrol Golf Club, 
Springfield, N. J. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Englewood Golf Club, 

Englewood, N. J. 
Euclid Club, 

Cleveland, Ohio 
Garden City Golf Club, 
Garden City, L.I., N.Y. 



53 



Yr. 



Winner and Runner-up 



Score 



Where Played 



1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 
1919 

1920 



Robert A. Gardner . 

H. Chandler Egan 
William C. Fo-v^mes, Jr, 

Warren K. Wood . 
Harold H. Hilton . . . 

Fred Herreshoff . . . 
Jerome D. Travers. . 

Charles Evans, Jr. 
Jerome D . Travers . . 

John G. Anderson. 
Francis Ouimet 

Jerome D. Travers 
Robert A. Gardner. . 

John G. Anderson. 
Charles Evans, Jr. . . . 

Robert A. Gardner 
-1918— Not held. 
S. Davidson Herron. 

R. T. Jones, Jr 

Charles Evans, Jr. , . . 

Francis Ouimet . . . 



4 and 2 

4 and 3 
1 up (37) 

7 and 6 

5 and 4 

6 and 5 
5 and 4 

4 and 3 

5 and 4 

7 and 6 



Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Country Club, 

Brookluie, Mass. 
Apawamis Club, 

Rye, N. Y. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Garden City Golf Club, 

Garden City, L.I.,N.Y. 
Ekwanok C. C, 

Manchester, Vt. 
Detroit C. C, Grosse 

Pointe Farms, Mich. 
Merion Cricket Club, 

Haverford, Pa. 

Oakmont Country Club, 

Oakmont, Pa., 
Engineers Club, 

Roslyn, L. I. 



Speak clearly if you speak at all. 
Carve every word before you let it iall. 



54 



NATIONAL OPEN CHAMPIONS 



Yr. 



Winner and Runner-up 



Score 



Where Played 



1894 
1895 



1896 
1897 



1898 
1899 



1900 
1901 



1902 



1903 



1904 

190 £ 



1906 
1907 



1908 



190S 
1910 



Willie Dunn 

W. Campbell 
Horace Rawlins 

Willie Dunn 

James Foulis 

Horace Rawlins 

Joe Lloyd 

Willie Anderson 

Fred Herd 

Aleck Smith 

Willie Smith 

George Low 

Val. Fitzjohn 

W. H. Way 

Harry Vardon 

J. H. Taylor 

Willie Anderson 

Aleck Smith 

Play-off — Anderson 
won by one stroke. 
Lawrence Auchterlonie . . 

Stewart Gardner 

Water J. Travis* 

Willie Anderson 

David Brown 

Play-off — Anderson 
had 82 to Brown's 84 
Willie Anderson 

Gilbert Nichols 

OTlie Anderson 

Aleck Smith 

Aleck Smith 

Willie Smith 

Aleck Ross 

Gilbert Nicholls 

Fred McLeod 

vVillie Smith 

Play-off — McLeod 
won. 

jeorge Sargent 

Tom McNamara 

\leck Smith 

jvlacdonald Smith ...... 

J. J. McDermott 

Play-off— A. Smith, 
71; McDermott, 75; 
M. Smith, 77. 



2 up 
1 

173 
175 
152 
155 
162 
163 
328 
335 
315 

326 

313 
315 

331 



307 
313 
307 



303 
308 
314 
316 
295 
302 
302 
304 

322 



290 
294 



298 



St. Andrews Golf Club., 

Mt. Hope, N. Y. 
Newport G. C, 

Newport, R. I. 
Shinnecock Hills, G. C, 

Shinnecock Hills, L. I. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Myopia Hunt Club, 

Hamilton, Mass. 
Baltimore C. C, 

Baltimore, Md. 



Chicago Golf Club, 
Wheaton 111. 

Myopia Himt Club 
Hamilton, Mass. 



Garden City Golf Club, 
Garden City, L.I.,N.Y. 

Baltusrol Golf Club, 
Springfield, N. J. 



Glenview Club, 

Golf, 111. 
Myopia Hunt Club, 

Hamilton, Mass. 
Onwentsia Club, 

Lake Forest, 111, 
Philadelphia Cricket 

Club 

Myopia Hunt Club, 
Hamilton, Mass. 



Englewood G. C, 
Englewood, N. J. 

Philadelphia Cricket 
Club 



A slight suspicion may destroy a good repute, 
55 



Yr. 



Winner and Runner-up 



Score 



Where Played 



1911 



1912 
1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 
1919 

1920 



J. J. McDermott . 

M. J. Brady 

George O. Simpson 

Play-off — McDermott, 
80; Brady, 82; Simp- 
son, 86. 
J. J. McDermott 

Tom McNamara 

Francis Ouimet* 

Harry Vardon 

Edward Ray 

Play-off— Ouimet, 72; 
Vardon, 77, Ray, 78. 
Walter C. Hagen 

Charles Evans, Jr.* . . 
Jerome D. Travers* . . . 

Tom McNamara 

Charles Evans, Jr.* 

Jock Hutchinson 

-1918— Not held. 

Walter C. Hagen 

M. J. Brady 

Play-off— Hagen, 77; 
Brady, 78. 
Ted Ray 

Leo Dei gel 

Harry \ ardon 

Jack Burke 



307 



294 
296 

1 

[ 304 



290 
291 
297 
298 
286 
288 



301 



295 
296 



Chicago Golf Club, 
Wheaton, Hi. 



Buffalo C. C , 
Buffalo, N. Y. 

Country Club, 
Brookline, Mass. 



Midlothian C. C, 
Blue Island, HI. 

Baltusrol G. C, 
Short Hills, N. J. 

Minikahda Club, 
Minneapolis, Minn. 

Brae-Bum C. C. 

West Newton, Mass. 



Iverness C. C, 
Toledo, Ohio. 



* Amateur. 



A penny saved is a penny earned. Benjaniin Frank- 
lin had the right idea. _ 



5^ 



NATIONAL WOMEN CHAMPIONS 



Yr. Winner and Runner-up Score 



Where Played 



1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 
1919 

1920 



Mrs. C. S. Brown. 



Miss Beatrix Hoyt 

Mrs. A. Tumure 

Miss Beatrix Hoyt 

Miss N . C . Sargent . . . 

Miss Beatrix Hoyt 

Miss Maud Wetmore 
Miss Ruth Underhill .... 

Miss Caleb F. Fox. . . . 
Miss F. C. Griscom . . . . 

Miss Margaret Curtis 
Miss Genevieve Hecker . 

Miss Lucy Herron .... 
Miss Genevieve Hecker 

Miss L. A. Wells 

Miss Bessie Anthony . . . 

Miss J. A. Carpenter. . 
Miss Georgiana Bishop 

Mrs. E. F. Sanford. . . 
Miss Pauline Mackay . . 

Miss Margaret Curtis 
Miss Harriot S. Curtis . . 

Miss Molly Adams . . . 
Miss Margaret Curtis . . . 

Miss Harriot S. Curtis 
Miss Kate C. Harley. . . 

Mrs. T. H. Polhemus . 
Miss Dorothy Campbell . 

Mrs. Ron. H. Barlow. 
Miss Dorothy Campbell 
Mrs. G, M. Martin . . . 
Miss Margaret Curtis . . . 

Miss Lillian Hyde . . . . 
Miss Margaret Curtis . . . 

Mrs. Ron. H. Barlow 
Miss G. Ravenscroft. . . . 

Miss Marion Hollins 
Mrs. H. Arnold Jackson 
Miss E. V. Rosenthal 
Mrs. C. H. Vanderbeck 
Mrs. W. A. Gavin. . . . 

Miss Alexa Stirling 

Miss Mildred Caverly 
-1918— Not held. 

Miss Alexa Stirling 

Mrs. W. A. Gavin. . . , 
Miss Alexa Stirling . . , . 
Mrs J. B. Hurd . 



132 Meadowbrook G. C, 
Reading, Mass. 

2 and 1 Morris County G. C, 
Morristown, N. J. 

5 and 4 Essex Country Club, 
Manchester, Mass. 

5 and 3 Ardsley Club, 

Ardsley, N. Y. 
2 and 1 Philadelphia C. C, 

Bala, Philadelphia, Pa. 

6 and 5 Shinnecock Hills, G. C, 

Shinnecock Hills, L. I. 
5 and 3 Baltusrol Golf Club, 
Springfield, N. J. 

4 and 3 Country Club, 

Brookline, Mass. 

7 and 6 Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 

5 and 3 Merion Cricket Club, 

Haverford, Pa. 

1 up Morris County C. C, 

Convent, N. J. 

2 and 1 Bra&Burn C. C, 

West Newton, Mass. 
7 and 6 Midlothian C. C, 
Blue Island, 111. 

6 and 5 Chevy Chase Club, 

W^ashington, D. C, 

3 and 2 Merion Cricket Club, 

Haverford, Pa. 

2 and 1 Homewood C. C, 

Flossmoor, 111. 

5 and 3 Baltusrol G. C, 

Springfield, N. J. 

3 and 2 Essex County Club, 

Manchester, Mass. 

2 up Wilmington C. C, 

Wilmington, Del. 
1 up Nassau C. C, 

Glen Cove, L. I., N. Y 

3 and 2 Onwentsia Club, 

Lake Forest, 111. 
2 and 1 Belmont Spring C. C, 
Waverly, Mass. 

6 and 5 Shawnee C. C, 

Shawnee-on-Del., Pa. 

4 and 3 Mayfield C. C, 

Cleveland, Ohio 



Only that which is honestly got is gain. 

57 



CHAPTER IX 
RULES OF GOLF 

DEFINITIONS 

Side. 

1. A *'side" consists either of one player or of two 
players. If one player play against another, the 
match is called "a single". If two play against two, 
each side playing one ball, the match is called "a 
foursome". If one play against two, playing one ball 
between them, the match is called **a threesome". 

Advice. 

2. *'Advice" is any counsel or suggestion which 
could influence a player in determining the line of 
play, in the choice of a club, or in the method of 
making a stroke. A player may ask any one to in- 
dicate the line to the hole before the shot is played. 
(R. & A.) 

Course. 

3. The "course" is the whole area within which 
play is permitted; more particularly, it is the ground 
between the holes which is specially prepared for 
play. 

Teeing-Ground. 

4. The "teeing-ground" is the starting place for a 
hole. The front of each teeing-ground shall be in- 
dicated by two marks placed in a line as nearly as 
possible at right angles to the line of play, and the 
teeing-ground shall include a rectangular space of 
the depth of two club lengths directly behind the line 
indicated by the two marks. 

Through the Green. 

5. "Through the green" is all ground on which play 
is permitted, except hazards and the putting-green 
of the hole that is being played. 

Hazard. 

6. A "hazard" is any bunker, water (except casual 
water,) ditch (unless accepted hy Local Rule), bush, 
sand, path, or road. Sand blown on to the grass, or 
sprinkled on the course for its preservation, bare 
patches, sheep tracks, snow, and ice are not hazards. 
Heather is not a hazard. (R. & A.) 

Bent is not a hazard. (R. & A.) 

Long grass is not a hazard unless within the boun- 
daries of a hazard. (R. & A.) 

A "bunker" is a depression in the ground where the 
natural soil is exposed, and sometimes top dressed 
with softer soil or sand. It is the duty of the au- 
thorities in charge of the golf course to define its 
hazards by Local Rules. (R. & A.) 



The end of wealth is the beginning of repentance. 



5§ 



Casual Water. 

7. "Casual water" is any temporary accumulation 
of water (whether caused by rainfall, flooding, or 
otherwise) which is not one of the ordinary and rec- 
ognized hazards of the course. The definition of 
"water" in the term, "casual water" is any water 
which interferes with the lie of the ball or the stance 
of the player. (R. & A.) 

Out of Bounds. 

8. "Out of bounds" is all ground on which play is 
prohibited. 

Ball, when Out of Bounds. 

9. A ball is "out of bounds" when the greater part 
of it lies within a prohibited area. 

Putting-Green. 

10. The "putting-green" is all ground, except haz- 
ards, within twenty yards of the hole. 

Hole. 

11. The hole shall be 4^4 in. in diameter, and at 
least 4 in. deep. If a metal lining be used, it shall 
be sunk below the lip of the hole, and its outer di- 
ameter shall not exceed 4% in. 

Loose Impediments. 

12. The term "loose impediments" denotes any ob- 
structions not fixed or growing, and includes dung, 
worm-casts, molehills, snow and ice. 

Loose stones are "loose impediments." (R. & A.) 
Rocks embedded in the ground come under the head 
of "things fixed." Rule 15. (R. & A.) 
A sand box placed at a teeing-ground is a "loose im- 
pediment". (R. & A.) 

A live worm is a "loose impediment" and may be 
lifted. (R. & A.) 
Stroke. 

13. A "stroke" is the forward movement of the 
club made with the intention of striking the ball, or 
any contact between the head of the club and the 
ball, resulting in movement of the ball, except in 
case of a ball accidentally knocked off a tee (Rule 
2 [1].) 

If a ball leaves its original position when the player 
has taken his stance in addressing the ball and moves 
in the slightest degree and does not merely oscillate, 
it has moved, and the movement constitutes a stroke, 
not a penalty stroke. (R. & A.) 
Penalty Stroke. 

14. A "penalty stroke" is a stroke added to the 
score of a side under cerliain rules, and does not af- 
fect the rotation of play. 

Honour. 

15. The side which plays off first from a teeing- 
ground is said to have the "honour". 



A good conscience is a choice companion. 



59 



Teeing:. 

16. In "teeing", the ball may be placed on the 
ground, or on sand or other substance, in order to 
raise it off the ground. There is no specified method 
of placing a ball, and the player is at liberty to drop 
it. (R. & A.) 

Addressing the Ball. 

17. A player has "addressed the ball" when he has 
taken his stance and grounded his club, or ,if in a 
hazard, when he has taken his stance preparatory to 
striking at the ball. 

In Play. 

18. A ball is "in play" as soon as the player has 
made a stroke at a teeing-ground, and it remains in 
play until holed out, except when lifted in accord- 
ance with the rules. 

Ball Deemed to Move. 

19. _A ball is deemed to "move" if it leave its 
original position in the least degree ; but it is not 
considered to "move" if it merely oscillate and come 
to rest in its original position. 

Ball, Lost. 

20. A ball is "lost" if it be not found Vr-ithin five 
minutes after the search for it has begun. 

Terms Used in Reckoning: Game. 

21. The reckoning of strokes is kept by the terms, 
"the odd", '"two more", "three more", etc., and "one 
off three", "one off two", "the like". 

The reckoning of holes is kept by the terms — so many 
"holes up" or, "all even", and so many "to play". 
A side is said to be "dormie" when it is ■ as many 
holes up as there are holes remaining to be played. 

22. An "umpire" decides questions of fact ; a "ref- 
eree" decides questions of Golfing Law. 

Professional Definition. 

A Professional Golfer is one, who after attaining 
the age of sixteen years, has 

(a) Carried Clubs for hire. 

(b) Received any consideration, either directly or 
indirectly, for playing or for teaching the game, or 
for playing in a match or tournament. 

(c) Played for a money prize in any competition. 
Note: — The U. S. G. A. Executive Committee shall 
have the right of declaring ineligible to compete in 
the Open Tournaments under its jurisdiction, anyone 
who, in its opinion has acted in a manner detri- 
mental to the best interests or to the spirit of the 
game. 



If wisdom's ways you wisely seek, five things observe 
with care. 

Of whom you speak, to whom you speak, and how, and 
when, and where. 

60 



Amateur Definition. 

An Amateur Golfer is one who, after attaining the 
age of sixteen years, has not 

(a) Carried Clubs for hire. 

(b) Received any consideration, either directly or 
indirectly, for playing or for teaching the game, or 
for playing in a match or tournament. 

Note:— The U. S. G. A. Executive Committee shall 
have the right of declaring ineligible to compete in 
any Amateur Tournament under its jurisdiction any 
amateur who in its opinion has received any consid- 
eration because of his skill at the game, or who 
has acted in a manner detrimental to the best inter- 
ests or to the spirit of the game. 
Forfeiture of Amateur Standing. 

1. Lending one's name or likeness for the adver- 
tisement or sale of anything except as a dealer, man- 
ufacturer or inventor thereof in the usual course of 
business. 

2. Permitting one's name to be advertised or pub- 
lished for pay as the author of books or articles on 
golf of which one is not actually the author. 

Reinstatement. 

The Professional holds an advantage over the Am- 
ateur by reason of having devoted himself to the 
game as his profession. He does not lose this advan- 
tage merely by deciding no longer to earn money by 
playing or teaching golf. 

Every application for re-ins tatement shall be con- 
sidered on its own merits, as it is impossible to lay 
down hard and fast rules that would be just in all 
cases. 

In considering applications for re-instatement the 
following principles shall be observed : — 

(1) A player may not be re-instated more than 
once. 

(2) Any applicant for re-instatement must have 
acted so as to come within the definition of an 
Amateur Golfer for a period of three consecu- 
tive years immediately preceding the date of 
application. 

(3) A player who has acted for five years or more 
so as not to come within the definition of an 
Amateur Golfer shall not be eligible for re- 
instatement. 

Any Club can elect Professionals to its member- 
ship and this does not affect either the status of 
those professionals or the Amateur status of other 
members. 



Many find fault without any end. 
And yet do nothing at all to mend. 



61 



GENERAL AND THROUGH THE GREEN 



RULE 1 

Mode of Play. 

1. The Game of Golf is played by two sides, each 
playing its own ball, with clubs made in conformity 
with the directions laid down in the clause on the 
"Form and Make of Golf Clubs". 

The game consists in each side playing a ball from 
a. teeing-ground into a hole by successive strokes. 
The hole is won by the side which holes its ball in 
fewer strokes than the opposing side, except as 
otherwise provided for in the Rules. 

The hole is halved if both sides hole out in the 
same number of strokes. 
Conditions of Match. 

2. A match consists of one round of the course, un- 
less it be other^^'ise agreed. A match is won by the 
side which is leading by a number of holes greater 
than the number of holes remaining to be played. 

A match is halved if each side w^in the same num- 
ber of holes. 
Priority on the Course. 

Matches constituted of singles, threesomes, or four- 
somes shall have precedence of and be entitled to 
pass any other kind of match. 

A single player has no standing, and shall always 
give way to a match of any kind. 

Any match playing a whole round shall be en- 
titled to pass a match playing a shorter round. 

If a match fail to keep its place on the green, and 
lose in distance more than one clear hole on the 
players in front, it may be passed, on request being 
made. 

Two players playing a single ball are treated as a 
single player. (R. & A.) 

RULE 2 

On the Teeing-Ground. 

1. A match begins by each side playing a ball from 
the first teeing-ground. 

A ball played from outside the limits of the teeing- 
ground may be at once recalled by the opposing side, 
and may be re-teed without penalty. 

If a ball, when not in play, fall off a tee, or be 
knocked off a tee by the player in addressing it, it 
may be re-teed without penalty ; if the ball be struck 
when so moving, no penalty shall be incurred. 

In Stroke Competition, if a competitor play his 
first stroke from outside the limits of the teeing- 
ground, he shall count that stroke, tee and ball, and 
play his second stroke from within the limits. The 
penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be disquali- 
fication. (R. & A.) 



A flow of words is no proof of wisdom. 

62 



The Honour. 

2. The option of taking the honour at the first tee- 
ing-ground shall, if necessary, be decided by lot. 

A ball played by a player when his opponent should 
have had the honour may be at once recalled by the 
opposing side, and may be re-teed without penalty. 

The side which ^-ins a hole shall take the honour 
at the next teeing-ground. If a hole has been halved, 
the side which had the honour at the previous teeing- 
ground shall retain it. 

On beginning a new match, the winner of the long 
match in the previous round shall take the honour ; 
if the previous long match was halved, the side which 
last won a hole shall take the honour. 

RULE 3 

Order of Play in Threesome and Foursome. 

In a threesome or foursome the partners shall 
strike off alternately from the teeing-gi'ounds, and 
shall strike alternately during the play of each hole. 

If a player play whan his partner should have 
played, his side shall lose the hole. 

In Stroke Competition, violation of this Rule is 
disqualification. (R. & A.) 

In Match Play, loss of the hole. (R. & A.)^ 

A penalty stroke does not affect the rotation of 
play. (R. & A.) 

RULE 4 

Asking Advice. 

1. A player may not ask for nor willingly receive 
advice from any one except his own caddie, his part- 
ner or his partner's caddie. 

An exception to this Rule is that any one can in- 
dicate the line to the hole. (R. & A.) 

In Stroke Competition the penalty is disqualifica- 
tion. (R. & A.) 

In Match Play the penalty is the loss of the hole. 
(R. & A.) 
Information as to Strokes Played. 

2. A player is entitled at any time during the play 
of a hole to ascertain from his opponent the nimiber 
of strokes the latter has played ; if the opponent 
give wrong information as to the number of strokes 
he has played, he shall lose the hole unless he cor- 
rect his mistake before the player has played an- 
other stroke. 

Advice from Forecaddie. 

3. A player may employ a forecaddie, but may not 
receive advice from him. 

In Match Play the penalty for a breach of this 
Rule shall be the loss of the hole. 

In Stroke Competition the penalty for a breach of 
this Rule shall be disqualification. 



He knows much who knows how to hold his tongue. 



63 



Indicating: Liite of Play. 

4. When playing through the green, or from a haz- 
ard, a player may have the line to the hole indicated 
to him, but no mark shall be placed, nor shall any 
one stand on the proposed line, in order to indicate 
it, while the stroke is being made. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule in Stroke 
Competition shall be the loss of two strokes. 
RULE 5 
Ball to be Fairly Struck At. 

The ball must be fairly struck at with the head of 
the club, not pushed, scraped nor spooned. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule in Stroke 
Competition shall be two strokes. 

RULE 6 

Ball May Be Lifted. 

A ball may be lifted from any place on the course 
under penalty of stroke and distance. If a player 
lift a ball in accordance with this rule he shall play 
his next stroke as nearly as possible at the spot from 
which the ball was played. 

If the ball so lifted was played from the teeing 
ground the player may tee a ball for his next stroke ; 
in every other case the ball must be dropped. 
RULE 7 

The Ball Farther from Hole Played First. 

When the balls are in play, the ball farther from 
the hole shall be played first. Through the green, or 
in a hazard, if a player play when his opponent 
should have played, the opponent may at once recall 
the stroke. A ball so recalled shall be dropped as 
near as possible to the place where it lay, without 
penalty. 

For teeing-ground, see Rule 2 (2) ; for putting- 
green, see Rule 31 (2). 

RULE 8 

How to Drop a Ball. 

A ball shall be dropped in the following manner: 

The player himself shall drop it. He shall face 
the hole, stand erect, and drop the ball behind him 
over his shoulder. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play and the loss of two 
strokes in Stroke Competition. 

If, in the act of dropping, the ball touch the 
player, he shall incur no penalty, and, if it roll into 
a hazard, the player may re-drop the ball v^dthout 
penalty. 



A boaster and a fool are two of a school. 



64 



RULE 9 

Ball not to be Touched except in Addressing:, for Iden- 
fication. 

1. A ball in play may not be touched before the 
hole is played out, except as provided for in the 
Rules. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be one 
stroke in Match or Stroke Competition. 

The player may, without penalty, touch his ball 
with his club in the act of addressing it, provided 
he does not move the ball. A ball in play may, with 
the opponent's consent, be lifted for the purpose of 
identification, but it must be carefully replaced. 

If in searching for a ball a player or his caddie 
move it, the penalty is the loss of one stroke in 
Match or Stroke Play. (R. & A.) 
Ball Moved by Opponent's Ball. 

2. If the player's ball move the opponent's ball 
through the green, or in a hazard, the opponent, if 
he choose, may drop a ball, without penalty, as near 
as possible to the place where his ball lay, but this 
must be done before another stroke is played by 
either side. 

RULE 10 
Removal of Irregularities of Surface. 

In playing through the green, irregularities of sur- 
face which could in any way affect the player's 
stroke shall not be removed nor pressed down by 
the player, his partner or either of their caddies ; a 
player is, however, always entitled to place his feet 
firmly on the ground when taking his stance. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
the loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of 
two strokes in Stroke Competition. 

RULE 11 
Removal of Obstructions. 

Any flag-stick, guide-flag, movable guide-post, 
wheelbarrow, tool, roller, grass-cutter, box, vehicle 
or similar obstruction may be removed. A ball 
moved in removing such an obstruction shall be re- 
placed without penalty. A ball lying on or touch- 
ing such an obstruction, or lying on or touching 
clothes, or nets, or ground under repair or covered 
up or opened for the purpose of the upkeep of the 
course, or lying in one of the holes, or in a guide- 
flag hole, or in a hole made by the greenkeeper, may 
be lifted and dropped without penalty as near as 
possible to the place where it lay, but not nearer to 
the hole. A ball lifted in a hazard under such cir- 
cumstances shall be dropped in the hazard. 

If a ball lie on or within a club's length of a 
drain-cover, water-pipe or hydrant, located on the 



A fault confessed is half redressed. 



65 



course, it may be lifted and dropped without penalty, 
as near as possible to the place where it lay, but not 
nearer the hole — as near as possible shall mean 
"within a club's leng^th". If it be impossible for 
want of space or other cause for a player to drop 
the ball in conformity with this interpretation, he 
shall place the ball as nearly as possible within the 
limits laid down in this interpretation, but not 
nearer the hole. (U. S. G. A.) 

A pile or mound of cut grass resulting from the 
mowing of the coui'se or any other material piled 
for removal is considered to be upkeep. A ball lodg- 
ing in or lying on such an obstruction may be lifted 
and dropped without penalty. (U. S. G. A.) 
RULE 12 

Removal of Loose Impediments. 

1. Any loose impediment lying within a club's 
length of the ball and not being in or touching a 
hazard may be removed without penalty ; if the ball 
move after any such loose impediment has been 
touched by the player, his partner, or either of their 
caddies, the player shall be deemed to have caused 
the ball to move and the penalty shall be one stroke 
in both Match and Stroke Competition. 

2. A loose impediment lying more than a club's 
length from the ball may not be moved under pen- 
alty of the loss of the hole in Match Play and the 
loss of two strokes in Stroke Competition, unless the 
loose impediment lie on the putting-green. (See 
Rule 28 [1].) 

Ball Accidentally Moved. 

3. When a ball is in play, if a player, or his part- 
ner, or either of their caddies, accidentally move his 
or their ball, or by touching anything cause it to 
move, the penalty shall be one stroke in both Match 
and Stroke Competition. 

Ball Moving after Grounded. 

4. If a ball in play move after the player has 
grounded his club in the act of addressing it, or, if 
a ball in play being in a hazard move after the 
player has taken his stance to play it, he shall be 
deemed to have caused it to move, and the penalty 
shall be one stroke in both Match and Stroke Com- 
petition, 

Note: If the player has lifted a loose impediment, 
see Rules 12 (1) and 28 (1), and the ball has not 
moved until the player has grounded his club, he 
shall only be deemed to have caused the ball to 
move under Section 4 of this Rule, and the penalty 
shall be one stroke in both Match and Stroke Com- 
petition. 



The best physicians are Dr. Diet, Dr. Work and Dr. 
Recreation. 



66 



A mole-hill or mole-track may be removed from 
the fair green in any way which will not unneces- 
sarily interfere with the surface of the green. (U. 
S. G. A.) 

RULE 13 

Playing a Moving Ball. 

A player shall not play while his ball is moving, 
under the penalty of the loss of the hole in Match 
Play and the loss of two strokes in Stroke Competi- 
tion, except in the case of a teed ball (Rule 14), or 
a ball in water (Rule 26). 

When the ball only begins to move while the 
player is making his backward or forward swing, 
he shall incur no penalty under this Rule, but he is 
not exempted from the provisions of Rule 12 (1), 
or Rule 28 (1), and of Rule 12 (3) and (4). 
RULE 14 

Striking Ball Twice. 

If a player, when making a stroke, in both Match 
and Stroke Competition, strike the ball twice, the 
penalty shall be one stroke, but he shall incur no 
further penalty by reason of his having played 
while his ball was moving. 

RULE 15 

Moving or Bending Fixed or Growing Objects. 

Before striking at a ball in play, a player shall not 
move, bend, nor break anything fixed or growing, 
except so far as is necessary to enable him fairly to 
take his stance in addressing the ball, or in making 
his backward or forward swing. The club may only 
be grounded lightly, and not pressed on the ground. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of two 
strokes in Stroke Competition. A player may take 
a practice swing or swings after the ball is in play 
more than a club's length from the ball. (U. S. 
G. A.) 

In grounding a club, a player may only ground 
his club lightly. Drawing it back and forward 
across the line of play is illegal and entails a penalty 
of the loss of the hole in Match Play and a pen- 
alty of two strokes in Stroke Competition. 

Undue pressure in grounding a club entails a like 
penalty. (R. & A.) 

RULE 16 

Balls within a Club Length of Each Other. 

When the balls lie within a club length of each 
other through the green or in a hazard, the ball 
lying nearer to the hole may, at the option of 
either the player or the opponent, be lifted until 
the other ball is played, and shall then be replaced 
as near as possible to the place where it lay. 



A tattler is worse than a thief. 



67 



1. If either ball be accidentally moved in comply- 
ing with this Rule, no penalty shall be incurred, 
and the ball so moved shall be replaced. 

If the lie of the lifted ball be altered in playing 
the other ball, the lifted ball may be placed as near 
as possible to the place vt^here it lay and in a lie 
similar to that which it originally occupied. 

RULE 17 

Moving Ball Stopped. 

1. If a ball in motion be stopped or deflected by 
any agency outside the match, or by a forecaddie, it 
is a rub of the green, and the ball shall be played 
from the spot where it lies. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
less of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of two 
strokes in Stroke Competition. 
Ball Lodging in Anything Moving. 

2. If a ball lodge in anything moving, a ball shall 
be dropped, or if on the putting-green, placed, as 
near as possible to the place where the object was 
when the ball lodged in it, without penalty. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
the loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of 
two strokes in Stroke Competition. 
Ball at Rest Displaced by Outside Agency. 

3. If a ball at rest be displaced by any agency out- 
side the match, except wind, the player shall drop 
a ball as near as possible to the place where it lay, 
without penalty ; and if the ball be displaced on the 
putting-green, it shall be replaced without penalty. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
the loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of 
two strokes in Stroke Competition. 

RULE 18 

Ball Interfered with by an Opponent, etc. 

If a player's ball, when in motion, be interfered 
with in any way by an opponent, or his caddie, or 
his clubs, the opponent's side shall lose the hole. 

Note: If a player's ball, when at rest, be moved 
by an opponent, or his caddie or his clubs, the op- 
ponent's side shall lose the hole, except as provided 
for in Rules 9 (2), 16, 22 (3), 31 (1), 32 (2), and 
33. 

RULE 19 
Ball Striking Player, etc. 

If a player's ball strike, or be stopped by him- 
self, or his partner, or either of their caddies or 
their clubs, his side shall lose the hole in Match 
Play, and the loss of one stroke in Stroke Competi- 
tion except as provided for in Stroke 13 (1). 
RULE 20 
Playing Opponent's Ball. 

1. If a player play the opponent's ball, his side 



6S 



shall lose the hole in Match Play unless : 

(a) The opponent then play the player's ball, in 
which case the penalty is' cancelled in Match Play, 
and the hole shall be played out with the balls thus 
exchanged. 

(b) The mistake occur through wrong infor- 
mation given by an opponent or his caddie, in which 
case there shall Be no penalty in Match Play ; if the 
mistake be discovered before the opponent has 
played, it shall be rectified by dropping a ball as 
near as possible to the place where the opponent's 
ball lay. 

In Stroke Competition, if a Competitor play a 
stroke with a ball other than his own, he shall in- 
cur no penalty, provided that he then plays his 
own ball ; but if he plays two consecutive strokes 
with a wrong ball, he shall be disqualified. 

In a hazard, if a Competitor play more than one 
stroke with a ball other than his own, and the mis- 
take be discovered before he has played a stroke 
with the wrong ball from outside the limits of the 
hazard, he shall incur no penalty, provided he then 
plays his own ball. The penalty for a breach of this 
Rule shall be disqualification. (See Rule 8, Rules 
for play in Stroke Competition.) 

On the putting-green the ball shall be replaced. 
Playing Ball outside the Match. 

2. If a player in Match Play plays a stroke with 
the ball of any one not engaged in the match, and 
the mistake be discovered and intimated to his op- 
ponent before his opponent has played his next 
stroke, there shall be no penalty ; if the mistake be 
not discovered and so intimated until after the op- 
ponent has played his next stroke, the player's side 
shall lose the hole. 

RULE 21 

Ball Last. 

If a ball be lost, except in water, casual water or 
out of bounds, the players shall return as nearly as 
possible to the spot from which the ball was played 
and drop another ball, with a penalty of one stroke. 
If the lost ball be played from the tesing-ground 
the player may tee a ball for his next stroke. 

Note : A provisional ball may be played. 
RULE 22 
Looking for Ball in Bent, etc. 

1. If a ball lie in fog, bent, bushes, long grass, or 
the like, only so much thereof shall be touched as 
will enable the player to find his ball. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of a stroke in both Match Play and Stroke 
Competition. 



Better late than never; still better, never late. 



69 



In Sand. 

2. If a ball be completely covered by sand, only so 
much thereof may be removed as will enable the 
player to see the top of the ball ; if the ball be 
touched in removing the sand, no penalty shall be 
incurred. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
the loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of 
two strokes in Stroke Competition. 
Accidentally Moved by Opponent in Search. 

3. If a player or his caddie when searching for an 
opponent's ball accidentally touch or move it, no 
penalty shall be incurred, and the ball, if moved, 
shall be replaced. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
the loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of 
two strokes in Stroke Competition. 

RULE 23 

Ball Out of Bounds. 

1. If a ball lie out of bounds, the player shall play 
his next stroke as nearly as possible at the spot from 
which the ball which is out of bounds was played 
under penalty of stroke and distance. If the ball 
was played out of bounds from the teeing-ground 
the player may tee a ball for his next stroke, in 
every other case the ball shall be dropped. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule' shall be 
the loss of the hole in Match Play and disqualifica- 
tion in Stroke Competition. 

If it is doubtful that a ball be out of bounds, the 
player who played it is not entitled to presume that 
it is out of bounds until he has made a search of 
five minutes for it. Meanwhile his opponent may 
make a search of five minutes for the ball within 
bounds, and if the ball is not found within that 
time, the player who struck the ball shall be given 
the benefit of the doubt, and the ball shall be con- 
sidered "out of bounds". 

2. In the case of a Ball out of Bounds, permission be 
given for Clubs to alter this by a Local Rule, for 
distance only. 

The above applies for medal play also. 
Provisional Ball Played. 

2. In order to save delay, if a player after making 
a stroke be doubtful whether his ball is out of 
bounds or not, he may at once play another ball as 
provided for in par. (1) of this Rule, but if it be 
discovered that the first ball is not out of bounds, it 
shall continue in play without penalty. 

On reaching the place where the first ball ia 
likely to be, if the player or his opponent be still 
in doubt, the player is not entitled to presume that 



Better short of pence than short of sense. 



70 



the first ball is out of bounds till he has made a 
search of five minutes. 
Ascertaining Location of Ball. 

3. A player has the right at any time of ascertain- 
ing whether his opponent's ball is out of bounds or 
not, before his opponent can compel him to continue 
his play. 

Standing Out of Bounds. 

4. A player may stand out of bounds to play a ball 
lying within bounds. 

RULE 24 

Ball Unfit for Play. 

If a ball split into separate pieces, another ball 
may be dropped where any piece lies. If a ball 
crack or become unfit for play, the player may 
change it on intimating to his opponent his inten- 
tion to do so. Mud adhering to a ball shall not be 
considered as making it unfit for play. 

Cleaning a ball when in play entails a penalty 
of disqualification in Stroke Competition and the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, except under spe- 
cial rulings of Local Rules by Committee in charge. 
(U. S. G. A.) 



HAZARDS AND CASUAL WATER 



RULE 25 
Conditions of Play in Hazards. 

When a ball lies in or touches a hazard, nothing 
shall be done which can in any way improve its lie ; 
the club shall not touch the ground, nor shall any- 
thing be touched or moved, before the player strikes 
at the ball, subject to the following exceptions: (1) 
The player may place his feet firmly on the ground 
for the purpose of taking his stance; (2) in ad- 
dressing the ball, or in the backward or forward 
swing, any grass, bent, bush, or other growing sub- 
stance, or the side of a bunker, wall, paling, or other 
immovable obstacle may be touched ; (3) steps or 
planks placed in a hazard by the Green Committee 
for access to or egress from such hazard, or any 
obstruction mentioned in Rule 11, may be removed, 
and if a ball be moved in so doing, it shall be re- 
placed without penalty ; (4) any loose impediment 
may be lifted from the putting-green; (5) the play- 
er shall be entitled to find his ball as provided for 
by Rule 22. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
the loss of the hole, and the loss of two strokes in 
Stroke Competition. A recognized water hazard 
cannot be "out of bounds". (R. & A.) 



A slip of the foot may be soon recovered but that of 
the tongue perhaps never. 



71 



RULE 26 

Ball Moving in Water. 

"When a ball is in water, a player may, -without 

penalty, strike at it while it is moving, but he must 
not delay to make his stroke in order to allow the 
wind or current to better the position of the ball, 
under penalty of the loss of the hole in Match Play, 
and the loss of two strokes in Stroke Competition. 
RULE 27 

Ball in Water Hazard. 

Ball in Casual Water in Hazard. 

1. If a ball He or be lost in a recognized water 
hazard (whetner the ball lie in water or not) , or in 
casual water in a hazard, the player may drop a 
ball under penalty of one stroke in Match Play or 
Stroke Competition, either (a) behind the hazard, 
keeping the spot at which the ball crossed the mar- 
gin of the hazard between himself and the hole, or 
(b) in the hazard, keeping the spot at which the 
ball entered the water between himself and the 
hole. 

Ice on the putting-green or through the green is 
considered "casual water". (R. & A.) 
Ball in Casual Water through the Green. 

2. If a ball lie or be lost in casual water through 
the green, the player may drop a ball without pen- 
alty within two club lengths of the margin, as near 
as possible to the spot where the ball lay, but not 
nearer to the hole. 

If a ball when dropped, roll into the water, it 
may be redropped without penalty. 
Ball in Casual Water on the Putting-Green. 

3. If a ball on the putting-green lie in casual 
water, or if casual water intervene between a ball 
lying on the putting-green and the hole, the ball 
may be played where it lies, or it may be lifted 
without penalty and placed by hand, either within 
two club lengths directly behind the spot from 
which the ball was lifted, or in the nearest posi- 
tion to that spot which is not nearer to the hole and 
which affords a putt to the hole without casual 
water intervening. 

Water Interfering with Stance. 

4. A ball lying so near to casual water that the 
water interferes with the player's stance may be 
treated as if it lay in casual water, under the pre- 
ceding Section of this Rule. 

Want of Space to Drop. 

5. If it be impossible, from want of space in which 
to play, or from any other cause, for a player to 
drop a ball in conformity with Sections (1) and 
(2) of this Rule, or to place it in confoiToity with 



Of two evils choose neither. 



72 



Section (3), he shall "drop" or "place" as nearly as 
possible within the limits laid down in these sec- 
tions, but not nearer to the hole. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of twa 
strokes in Stroke Competition. 



PUTTING-GREEN 



RULE 28 
Removal of Loose Impediments. 

1. Any loose impediment may be lifted from the 
putting-green, irrespective of the position of the 
player's ball. If the player's ball, when on the 
putting-green, move, after any loose impediment ly- 
ing within six inches of it has been touched by the 
player, his partner, or either of their caddies, the 
player shall be deemed to have caused it to move 
and the penalty shall be one stroke, in both Match 
Play and Stroke Competition. 

Removal of Dung, etc. 

2. Dung, worm-casts, snow and ice may be scraped 
aside with a club, but the club must not be laid with 
more than its own weight upon the ground, nor 
must anything be pressed down either with the club 
or in any other way. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule in Match 
Play is the loss of the hole, and in Stroke Compe- 
tition the loss of two strokes. Under Rule 28 (1) 
the hand may in all cases be used to lift "Loose im- 
pediments". In the case of certain "Loose Imped- 
iments" specified in Rule 28 (2) it is also permis- 
sible to make use of a club in order to scrape them 
aside. As loose leaves are not among these imi)edi- 
ments specified in Rule 28 (2), they must be lifted 
(R. & A.) 
Touching Line to Putt. 

3. The line of the putt must not be touched ex- 
cept by placing the club immediately in front of the 
ball in the act of addressing it, and as above au- 
thorized. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
the loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of 
two strokes in Stroke Competition. 

It is not permissible to touch the ground behind 
the hole in order to point out the line of a putt. 
(R. & A.) 

RULE 29 

Direction for Putting. 

1. When the player's ball is on the putting-green, 
the player's caddie, his partner, or his partner'^ 
caddie may, before the stroke is played, point out 



A good name is a sound inheritance. 



73 



the direction for putting, but in doing this they 
shall not touch the ground on the proposed line of 
the putt. No mark shall be placed anywhere on the 
putting-green. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of two 
strokes in Stroke Competition. 
Shielding Ball from Wind. 

2. Any player or caddie engaged in the match play 
may stand at the hole, but no player or caddie shall 
endeavor, by moving or otherwise, to influence the 
action of the wind upon the ball. 

A player is, however, always entitled to send his 
own caddie to stand at the hole while he plays his 
stroke. 

Either side may refuse to allow a person who is 
not engaged in the match to stand at the hole. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of two 
strokes in Stroke Competition. 

RULE 30 
Opponent's Bali to be at Rest. 

When the player's ball lies on the putting-green, 
he shall not play until the opponent's ball is at 
rest. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole in Match Play, and the loss of two 
strokes in Stroke Competition. 

RULE 31 
Ball within Six Inches Lifted. 

1. V/hen the balls lie within six inches of each 
other on the putting-green (the dist-ance to be meas- 
ured from their nearest points), the ball lying 
nearer to the hole may, at the option of either the 
player or the opponent, be lifted until the other ball 
is played, and the lifted ball shall then be replaced 
as near as possible to the place where it lay. 

If either ball be accidentally moved in complying 
with this Rule, no penalty shall be incurred, and the 
ball so moved shall be replaced. 
Stymie. 

When either ball is on the putting-green, the 
player may remove the opponents ball ; the opponent 
shall then be deemed to have holed in his next stroke. 
Playing Out of Turn. 

2. On the putting-green, if a player play when his 
opponent should have played, the stroke may be at 
once recalled by the opponent, and the ball replaced. 

Casual Water. 

Note : For a ball which is displaced on a putting- 
green, see Rule 17 (2) and (3). For a player play- 
ing the opponent's ball on the putting-green, see 
Rule 20 (1). For casual water on a putting-green, 
see Rule 27 (3). 



74 



RULE 32 

Removal of Flag-stick. 

1. Either side is entitled to have the flag-stick re- 
moved when approaching the hole; if a player's ball 
strike the flag-stick, which has been so removed by 
himself, or his partner, or either of their caddies, 
his side shall lose the hole in Match Play, and the 
loss of two strokes in Stroke Competition. 

If the ball rest against the flag-stick which is in 
the hole, the player shall be entitled to remove the 
flag-stick, and, if the ball fall into the hole, the 
player shall be deemed to have holed out at his last 
stroke. 

In Stroke Competition when a ball lying within 
twenty yards of the hole is played and strikes, or 
is stopped by the flag-stick or the person standing at 
the hole, the penalty shall be two strokes. (R. & A.) 

Displacing and Replacing of Balls. 

2. If the player's ball knock the opponent's ball 
into the hole, the opponent shall be deemed to have 
holed out at his last stroke. 

If the player's ball move the opponent's ball, tha 
opponent, if he choose, may replace it, but this 
must be done before another stroke is played by 
either side. 

If the player's ball stop on the spot formerly oc- 
cupied by the opponent's ball, and the opponent de- 
clare his intention to replace his ball, the player 
shall first play another stroke after which the op- 
ponent shall replace and play his ball. 

See Rule 13, Rules for Stroke Competitions, for 
penalty in Stroke Competitions. 

Ball on Lip of Hole. 

3. If the player has holed out and the opponent 
then plays to the lip of the hole, the player may 
not knock the ball away, but the opponent, if asked, 
shall play his next stroke without delay. The pen- 
alty for a breach of this Rule shall be the loss of 
the hole. 

If the opponent's ball lie on the lip of the hole, 
the player, after holing out, may knock the ball 
away, claiming the hole if holing at the like, and 
the half if holing at the odd, provided that the 
player's ball does not strike the opponent's ball and 
set it in motion ; if the player neglect to knock 
away the opponent's ball, and it fall into the hole, 
the opponent shall be deemed to have holed out at 
his last stroke. 

RULE 33 

Penalty of Loss of Hole Qualified by Half Previously 
Gained. 

When a player has holed out and his opponent 
has been left vnth a stroke for the half, nothing 



75 



that the player who has holed out can do shall de- 
prive him of the half which he has already gained. 



GENERAL PENALTY 



RULE 34 

Loss of the Hole. 

Where no penalty for the breach of a Rule is 
stated, the penalty shall be the loss of the hole. 



DISPUTES 



RULE 35 
Duties of Umpire or Referee. 

An umpire or referee (see definition 22), when ap- 
pointed, shall take cognizance of any breach of rule 
that he may observe, whether he be appealed to on 
the point or not. 

RULE 36 
Claims, When and How Made. 

If a dispute arise on any point, a claim must be 
made before the players strike off from the next 
teeing-ground or, in the case of the last hole of the 
round, before they leave the putting-green. If no 
umpire or referee has been appointed, the players 
have the right of determining to whom the point 
shall be referred, but should they not agree, either 
side may have it referred officially through the sec- 
retary of the club, to the Executive Committee of 
the United States Golf Association, whose decision 
shall be final. If the point in dispute be not cov- 
ered by the Rules of Golf, the arbiters shall de- 
cide it by equity. 

If the players have agreed to an umpire or ref- 
eree, they must abide by his decision. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LOCAL RULES 



Special Hazards or Conditions. 

When necessary, local rules should be made for 
such obstructions as rushes, trees, hedges, fixed 
seats, fences, gates, railways, and walls, for such 
difficulties as rabbit scrapes, hoof marks and other 
damage caused to the course by animals, for such 
local conditions as the existence of mud which may 
be held to interfere with the proper playing of the 
game and for the penalty to be imposed in the case 
of a ball which lies out of bounds. 
Ball : When Dropped, When Placed. 

When a ball is lifted under a local rule, as in the 
case of a ball lifted from a putting-green other than 
that of the hole, which is being played, the Rules 



He bears misery best that hides it most. 



76 



of Golf Committee recommends that if it is to be 
played from "through the green" it should be 
dropped ; if it is to be played on the putting-green 
of the hole that is being played, it should be placed. 



FORM AND MAKE OF GOLF CLUBS 



The United States Golf Association will not sanc- 
tion any substantial departure from the traditional 
and accepted form and make of golf clubs, which, 
in its opinion, consists of a plain shaft and a head 
which does not contain any mechanical contrivance, 
such as springs. It also regards as illegal the use 
of such clubs as those of the mallet-headed type, or 
such clubs as have the neck so bent as to produce a 
similar effect. 

The shaft of a putter may be fixed at the heel or 
at any other point in the head. 

The term mallet-headed, as above used, when ap- 
plied to putters does not embrace putters of the so- 
called Schenectady type. (U. S. G. A.) 



WEIGHT OF BALL 



The weight of the ball shall be not greater than 
1.G2 ounces and the size not less than 1.62 inches in 
diameter. The Rules of Golf Committee and the 
Executive Committee of the United States Golf As- 
sociation will take whatever steps they think neces- 
sary to limit the power of the ball with regard to 
distance, should any ball of greater power be in- 
troduced. 



SPECIAL RULES FOR MATCH PLAY 
COMPETITIONS 



RULE 1 

On the putting-green, if the competitor whose ball is 
the nearer to the hole play first, his ball shall be at once 
replaced. 

The penalty for a breach of this rule shall be the dis- 
qualification of both competitors. 

RULE 2 

A competitor shall not waive any penalty incurred 
by his opponent, under penalty of the loss of the hole. 
RULE 3 

Competitors shall not agree to exclude the operation 
of any Rule, or Local Rule, under penalty of disqual- 
ification. 

The Rules of Golf Committee recommends that play- 
ers should not concede putts to their opponents. 

The Executive Committee of the United States Golf 



The sooner the better, delay is a fetter. 



77 



Association recommends that in Match Play, singles, 
three-fourths of the difference between the handicaps 
be allowed, and that in Match Play, foursomes, three- 
eighths of the difference of the combined handicaps be 
allowed. 



RULES FOR THREE-BALL, BEST BALL, 
AND FOUR-BALL MATCHES 
DEFINITIONS 



1. When three players play against each other, each 
playing his own ball, the match is called a three-ball 
match. 

2. When one player plays his ball against the best ball 
of two or more players, the match is called a best ball 
match. 

3. When two players play their better ball against the 
better ball of two other players, the match is called a 

four-bail match.. 



GENERAL 



RULE 1 

Any player may have any ball in the match lifted or 
played, at the option of its owner, if he consider that 
it might interfere with or be of assistance to a player 
or side, but this should only be done before the player 
has played his stroke. 

RULE 2 

If a player's ball move any other ball in the match, 
the moved ball must be replaced as near as possible to 
the spot where it lay, without penalty. 

The penalty for a breach of this rule is the loss of 
the hole in Match Play and disqualification in Stroke 
Competition. 

RULE 3 

Through the green a player shall incur no penalty for 
playing when an opponent should have done so, and 
the stroke shall not be recalled. 

On the putting-green the stroke may be recalled by 
an opponent, but no penalty shall be incurred. 



THREE-BALL MATCHES 



RULE 4 

During a three-ball match if no player is entitled at 
a teeing-ground to claim the honour from both oppo- 
nents, the same order of striking shall be followed as 
at the last teeing-ground. 

RULE 5 

In a three-ball match, if a player's ball strike, or be 
stopped, or moved by an opponent or an opponent's 



Add pence to pence for wealth comes hence. 
78 



caddie, or clubs, that opponent shall lose the hole to the 
player. As regards the other opponent the occurrence 
shall be treated as a rub of the green. 



BEST BALL AND FOUR-BALL MATCHES 



RULE 6 

Balls belonging to the same side may be played in the 
order the side deems best. 

RULE 7 

If a player's ball strike, or be stopped, or moved by 
an opponent or an opponent's caddie, or clubs, the op- 
ponent's side shall lose the hole in Match Play. 

In Stroke Competition it is a rub of the green, and 
the ball shall be played from where it lies except as 
provided for in Stroke Rule 13 (1). See Stroke Rule 
10 (1). 

RULE 8 

If a player's ball (the player being one of a side) 
strike or be stopped by himself, or his partner, or 
either of their caddies or clubs, only that player shall 
be disqualified for that hole. 

RULE 9 

If a player play a stroke with his partner's ball, and 
the mistake be discovered and intimated to the other 
side before an opponent has played another stroke, the 
player shall be disqualified for that hole, and his part- 
ner shall drop a ball as near as possible to the spot 
from which his ball was played, without penalty. If 
the mistake be not discovered till after the opponent 
has played a stroke, the player's side shall lose the hole 
in Match Play and the player who violated this rule 
shall be disqualified for that hole in Stroke Competi- 
tion. 

RULE 10 

In all other cases where a player would by the Rules of 
Golf incur the loss of the hole, he shall be disqualified 
for that hole, but the disqualification shall not apply 
to his partner. 



SPECIAL RULES FOR STROKE COMPETITIONS 



RULES FOR THE CONDUCT OF STROKE 
COMPETITIONS 



Committee Defined. 

Wherever the word Committee is used in th^e 
Rules, it refers to the Committee in charge of the 
Competition. 



Fretting mends no broken dishes 
Brings us none of all our wishes. 

79 



RULE 1 

The Winner. 

1. In Stroke Competitions the competitor vrho holes 
the stipulated round or rounds in the fewest strokes 
shall be the winner. 

The Rules of Golf Committee is of opinion that it 
is hardly possible to play Match and Score Play at 
the same time in a satisfactory manner, or without 
infringing- Rules. (R. &: A.) 
Order of Play. 

2. Competitors shall play in couples ; if from any 
cause there be a single competitor, the Committee 
shall either provide him with a player who shall 
mark for him, or select a marker for him and al- 
low him to compete alone. The order and times of 
starting should, when possible, be determined by 
ballot. 

Stroke Rule 1 (2) does not permit more than two 
competitors to play together. (R. & A.) 
Order of Starting. 

3. Competitors should strike off from the first tee 
in the order in which their names appear upon the 
starting list. Thereafter the honour should be tak- 
en as in match play, but if a competitor by mistake 
play out of turn, no penalty shall be incurred, and 
the stroke cannot be recalled. 

RULE 2 

Not to Discontinue Play in Bad Weather. 

1. Competitors shall start in the order and at the 
times arranged by the Committee. They shall not 
discontinue play nor delay to start on account of 
bad weather, or for any other reason whatever, ex- 
cept such as the Committee may consider satis- 
factory. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
disqualification. .... 
Course L'nplayable. 

2. If the Committee consider that the course is not 
in a playable condition, or that insufficient light 
renders the proper playing of the game impossible, 
it shall at any time have power to declare the day's 
play null and void. 

RULE 3 
Ties, How and When Decided. 

If the lowest scores be made by two or more com- 
petitors, the tie or ties shall be decided by another 
round to be played on the same day ; but if the 
Committee determine that this is inexpedient or im- 
possible, it shall appoint a day and time for the de- 
cision of the tie or ties. 

Should an uneven num.ber of competitors tie, their 
names shall be drawn by ballot and placed upon a 



What smarts, teaches. 



80 



list ; the competitors shall then play in couples in 
the order in which their names appear. The single 
competitor shall be provided for by the Committee, 
either under Rule 1 (2), or by allowing three com- 
petitors to play together, if their unanimous con- 
sent has been obtained. 

RULE 4 

New Holes. 

1. New holes should be made on the day on which 
SLroke Competitions begin. 

Practice on Day of Competition. 

2. On the day of the competition, before starting, 
no competitor shall play on, or on to, any of the 
putting-greens, nor shall he intentionally play at 
any hole of the stipulated round which is within his 
reach, under penalty of disqualification. 

When a Competition is continued on two or more 
days, competitors who practice on the second or 
following days cannot be deemed to have infringed 
Stroke Rule 4 (2), which refers to play "before 
starting." (R. & A.) 

RULE 5 

The Scores, How Kept. 

1. The score for each hole shall be kept by a marker 
or by each competitor noting the other's score. 
Should more than one marker keep a score, each 
shall sign the part of the score for which he is 
responsible. The scores should be called out after 
each hole. On completion of the stipulated round, 
the card shall be signed by the person who has 
marked it, and the competitor shall see that it is 
handed in as soon as reasonably possible. The 
penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be disquali- 
fication. 

Scoring cards should be issued with the date and 
the player's name entered on the card. 

A caddie cannot be considered a "marker." Under 
urgent and exceptional conditions, however, the 
Committee may alter this interpretation. (R. & A.) 
Marking and Addition of Scores. 

2. Competitors must satisfy themselves before the 
cards are handed in that the scores for each hole 
are correctly marked, as no alteration can be made 
on any card after it has been returned. If it be 
found that a competitor has returned a score lower 
than that actually played, he shall be disqualified. 
For the additions of the scores marked the Commit- 
tee shall be responsible. 

Committee to Decide Doubtful Penalties. 

1. If, on the completion of the stipulated round, a 
player is doubtful whether he has incurred a penalty 
at any hole, he may enclose his scoring card with 



Leave tomorrow till tomorrow. 



ai 



a written statement of the circumstances to the 
Committee, who shall decide what penalty, if any, 
has been incurred. 



RULES FOR PLAY IN STROKE COMPETITIONS 



RULE 6 

Advice. 

A competitor shall not ask for, nor willingly re- 
ceive, advice from any one except his caddie. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
disqualification. 

RULE 7 

Order of Starting — the Honour. 

1. Competitors should strike off from the first tee- 
ing-ground in the order in which their names appear 
upon the starting list. Thereafter the honour shall 
be taken as in match play, but if a competitor, by 
mistake, play out of turn, no penalty shall be in- 
curred, and the stroke cannot be recalled. 

Playing Outside Limits of Teeing-Ground. 

2. If at any hole a competitor play his first stroke 
from outside the limits of the teeing-ground, he 
shall count that stroke, tee a ball, and play his sec- 
ond stroke from within these limits. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
disqualification. 

RULE 8 
Must Hole Out with Own Ball, 

1. A competitor must hole out with his own ball 
at every hole. The penalts' for a breach of this Rule 
shall be disqualification. 

Playing Two Consecutive Strokes with Wrong Ball. 

2. If a competitor play a stroke with a ball other 
than his own he shall incur no penalty, provided he 
then play his own ball ; but if he play two consec- 
utive Strokes with a wrong ball, he shall be dis- 
qualified. 

Exception in Hazards. 

3. In a hazard if a competitor play more than one 
stroke with a ball other than his own, and the mis- 
take be discovered before he has played a stroke 
with the wrong ball from outside the limits of the 
hazard, he shall incur no penalty, provided he then 
play his own ball. The penalty for a breach of this 
Rule shall be disqualification. 

RULE 9 
Ball Striking the Player. 

If a competitor's ball strike or be stopped by him- 
self, his clubs or his caddie, the penalty shall be 
one stroke, except as provided for in Stroke Rule 
13 (1). 



Lose no chance of giving pleasure. 



82 



RULE 10 

Ball Striking or Moved by Another Competitor. 

1. If a competitor's ball strike or be stopped by 
another competitor, or his clubs, or his caddie, it is 
a rub of the green, and the ball shall be played from 
where it lies, except as provided for in Stroke Rule 
13 (1). If a competitor's ball which is at rest be 
accidentally moved by another competitor, or his 
caddie, or his clubs, or his ball, or any outside 
agency except wind, it shall be replaced as near as 
possible to the spot where it lay. 

The penalty for a breach of this Rule shall be 
disqualification. 
Allowed to Lift Another Competitor's Ball. 

2. A competitor may have any other player's ball 
played or lifted, at the option of its owner, if he 
finds that it interferes with his play. 

RULE 11 

Lifting Ball under Stroke and Distance Penalty. 

1. A ball may be lifted from any place on the 
course under penalty of stroke and distance. If a 
player lift a ball in accordance with this rule he 
shall play his next stroke as nearly as possible at 
the spot from which the ball was played. 

If the ball so lifted was played from the teeing 
ground the player may tee a ball for his next 
stroke ; in every other case the ball must be 
dropped. 

2. The penalty for a breach of these Rules shall be 
the loss of the hole in match play and disquaiificar* 
tion in Stroke Competition. 

Lifting for Identification. 

2. For the purpose of identification, a competitor 
may at any time lift and carefully replace his ball 
in the presence of the player with whom he is com- 
peting. 

The penal^ for a breach of this section of the 
Rule shall be one stroke. 

RULE 12 

Ball Lost. 

If a ball be lost, except in water, casual water or 
out of bounds, the players shall return as nearly as 
possible to the spot from which the ball was played 
and drop another ball, with a penalty of one stroke. 
If the lost ball be played from the teeing-ground 
the player may tee a ball for his next stroke. 

Note : A provisional ball may be played. 

(Under this Rule a ball shall only be considered 
lost, when it has not been found after a search of 
five minutes.) 

It is usual to frame Local Rules for Special Haz» 



A little explained, a little endured, 
A little forgiven, the quarrel is cured. 



83 



ards in the following way, viz. : "If a ball lie or 
be lost in, etc." or to treat the hazard as "out of 
bounds". (R. & A.) 

RULE 13 

Play within Twenty Yards of Hole Ball Striking Flag- 
stick, etc. 

1. When a competitor's ball lying within twenty 
yards of the hole is played and strikes or is stopped 
by the flag-stick or the person standing at the hole, 
the penalty shall be two strokes. 

Neglect on the part of the person standing at the 
hole does not exempt the Competitor from incurring 
the penalty. (R. & A.) 
Ball Striking Fellow-Competitor*s Ball. 

2. When both balls are on the putting-green, if a 
competitor's ball strike the ball of the player with 
whom he is competing, the competitor shall incur a 
penalty of one stroke, and the ball which was struck 
shall be at once replaced; see Stroke Rule 10 (1). 

Nearer Ball May be Lifted. 

3. The competitor whose ball is the farther from 
the hole may have the ball which is nearer to the 
hole lifted or played at the option of its owner. If 
the latter refuse to comply with this Rule when re- 
quested to do so, he shall be disqualified. 

Ball Nearer Hole of Assistance to Player. 

4. If the competitor whose ball is the nearer to the 
hole consider that his ball might be of assistance to 
the player with whom he is competing, he should 
lift it or play first. 

Ball Lifted when Player's Ball is in Motion. 

5. If the competitor whose ball is the nearer to the 
hole lift his ball while the player's ball is in motion, 
he shall incur a penalty of one stroke. 

Ball Lifted before Holed Out. 

6. If a competitor or his caddie pick up his ball 
from the putting-green before it is holed out (ex- 
cept as provided for above), he shall, before he has 
struck off from the next tee, or, in the case of the 
last hole on the ground, before he has left the put- 
ting-green, be permitted to replace the ball under 
penalty of two strokes. 

RULE 14 

Cieneral Penalty. 

Where in the Rules of Golf the penalty for the 
breach of any Rule is the loss of the hole, in 
Stroke Competitions the penalty shall be the loss of 
two strokes, except where otherwise provided for in 
these Special Rules. 

RULE 15 

General Rule. 

The Rules of Golf, so far as they are not at va- 



Persuasion is better than force. 



84 



riance with these Special Rules, shall apply to 
Stroke Competitions. 

RULE 16 

Disputes, How Decided. 

If a dispute arise on any point it shall be de- 
cided by the Committee, whose decision shall be 
final, unless an appeal be made to the Executive 
Committee, as provided for in Rule 36. 



RULES FOR BOGEY COMPETITIONS 



A Bogey Competition is a series of Stroke Competi- 
tions in which play is against a fixed score at each hole 
of the stipulated round or rounds, and the winner is the 
competitor who is most successful in the aggregate of 
these competitions. The rules for Stroke Competitions 
shall apply with the following exceptions : 

1. Any hole for which a competitor makes no re- 
turn shall be regarded as a loss. The marker shall only 
be responsible for the marking of the correct number 
of strokes at each hole at which a competitor makes a 
score either equal to or less than the fixed score. 

2. Any breach of rule which entails the penalty of 
disqualification shall only disqualify the competitor for 
the hole at which the breach occurred ; but a compet- 
itor shall not be exempted from the general disqualifi- 
cation imposed 'by Stroke Rules 2 (1), 4 (2), and 5 
(1) and (2). 

Note : A scale showing the handicap allowance and 
indicating the holes at which strokes are to be given 
or taken shall be printed on the back of every scoring 
card. 

The United States Golf Association recommends that 
clubs continue to follow the custom of allowing each 
competitor three-quarters of his full handicap. 



U. S. G. A. PAR DISTANCES 



Holes up to 225 yards 

Holes from 226 to 425 yards.. 
Holes from 426 to 600 yards.. 
Holes 601 yards and upwards 



Par is 3 
Par is 4 
Par is 5 
Par is 6 



Never speak ill of your neighbor. If you cannot say 
a good word then keep silent. 




85 



INDEX 



Addressing Ball — Rule 
Definition — 

Ball moving in act of ^ 12 

In hazard 25 

Moving of tee • • 2 

Taking stance fairly 15 

Touching in act of 9 

Advice — 
Definition — 

Asking and receiving 4 

Asking and receiving* 6 

Appeals from decisions 36 

Appeal to Rules of Golf Committee* 16 

Ascertaining number of strokes played by opponent 4 
Bad Weather- 
Discontinuing' play* 2 

Ball- 
Accidentally moved 12 

By another competitor, etc.* 10 

In measuring 16 

Opponent's in searching 22 

Touching loose impediment 12 

Addressing — 

In hazard 25 

Moving off tee 2 

Touching with club 9 

At rest, moved, etc 18 

Bushes, long grass, etc 22 

Casual water 27 

In hazard 27 

Interfering with stance 2^ 

Putting-green 27 

Through the green 27 

Club length from other 16 

Covered by sand 22 

Cracked 24 

Displaced — 

On putting-green 32 

Outside agency 175 

Dropping — 

How to drop i 8 

Want of space for.. 27 

Exchanging balls 20 

Fairly struck _ 5 

Falling into hole 32 

Falling off tee 2 

Farther from hole 7 

Holing out — 

Knocking away opponent's 32 

Opponent, without delay 32 



When you obey your superior, you instruct your in- 
ferior. 



86 



Resting against flag-stick 

With own ball* 

Identification of 

Identification of* 

In hazard 

In motion, stopped, etc 

In play— Definition (18) 

Ball — Continued 

Interfering with stroke* 

Knocked off tee. 

Knocking opponent's in hole 

Lie of — 

Altered by play 

Improving in haaard 

Played wherever lying 

Lifted— 

For ident ifidation 

For identification* 

Ground under repair 

In hazards 

Interfering with stroke* 

Lie altered by play 

Lodging in anything moving.... 

Nearer to hole* 

Obstructions, etc 

Of assistance to player* 

Player's in motion* 

Two strokes penalty* 

Within six inches — putting-green 

Within club length 

Lip of hole 

Lodging in moving object 

Long grass 

Lost 



Lost* 12 

Definition — 

In casual water 27 

In casual water (hazard) 27 

In water hazard 27 

Moved — 

Definition — 

Accidentally by player's side 12 

Accidentally in lifting IS 

Accidentally in searching for 22 

By another competitor* 10 

By fellow-competitor's ball* 13 

By opponent, etc 18 

By opponent's ball 9 

By opponent's ball on putting-green 82 

In hazard 25 

In measuring 16 



The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules for 
Stroke Competitions. 

87 



32 
S 
a 

11 
25 
17 



1» 
2 
32 

16 
2^ 
6 

11 
11 
11 
10 
16 
17 
13 
11 
13 
13 
11 
31 
16 
32 
17 
22 



In removing obstruction 11 

Lifting on putting-green 31 

Moving — 

After grounding club 12 

After lifting loose impediments 28 

During swing 13 

In water 26 

Off tee 2 

Playing at a 13 

Ball — Continued 

Mud adhering to 24 

Obstructions, etc 11 

Opponent's hall — 

Moved by player's ball 9 

To be at rest — putting-green 30 

Touched, etc., in searching by player, etc 22 

Out of bounds 23 

Definition — 

Locating opponent's 23 

Out of turn 2 

Putting-green 31 

Through the green and hazards 7 

Outride match 20 

Outside teeing-ground 2 

Outside teeing-ground* 7 

Picked up before holing out* 13 

Played out of turn (see also Out of Turn) 7 

Played to where it lies = 6 

Player's moving opponent's 9 

Playing a moving 13 

Playing opponent's 20 

Playing when partner should have played 3 

Pushed 5 

Resting against flag-stick 32 

Scraped 5 

Shielding from wind 29 

Split 24 

Spooned 5 

Stopped or interfered with — 

By another competitor, etc.* 10 

By opponent, etc 18 

By outside agency 17 

By player, etc 19 

Striking — 

Another competitor* 10 

Fellow-competitor's ball* 13 

Flag-stick 32 

Flag-stick 20 yards from hole* 13 

Opponent, etc 18 

Person at hole* 13 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules 
for Stroke Competitions. 



It Is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his 
youth. 

88 



Player, etc 19 

Player, etc.* 9 

Struck twice 14 

Touched 9 

Touching- hazard 25 

Unfit for play 24 

Unplayable ^ 

Water hazard, in 27 

Wrong- _ 20 

Wrong* 8 

Wrong hole, in 11 

Balls- 
Both lost 21 

Exchanged 20 

Within club length...* 16 

Within six inches _ 31 

Ballot for starting* 1 

Bent, touching 22 . 

Best ball and four-ball matches — 
Definitions — 

Lifting ball 1 

Moved ball 2 

Out of turn 3 

Order of play 6 

Striking opponent, etc 7 

Striking self, partner, etc . , 8 

Playing partner's ball 9 

Penalties limited to player 10 

Definitions — 
Definition — 

Competitor not making return for hole (1) 

Disqualification (2) 

Bounds, out of » 23 

Breach of Rules, umpire's duties 35 

Bushes, touching _ 22 

Caddie— 

Accidentally moving ball 12 

Advice from 4 

Advice from* 6 

Ball moved by another competitor's* 10 

Opponent's — struck by ball 18 

Picking' up ball not holed out* 13 

Player's ball striking own 19 

Player's ball striking own* 9 

Pointing- line of putt 29 

Pressing down irregularities 10 

Shielding ball from wind 29 

Standing- at hole 29 

Striking another competitor's* 10 

Striking flag-stick removed by 32 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules 
for Stroke Competitions. 



Use not today what tomorrow will need. 



89 



Touching loose impediments 12 

Tonching loose impediments (putting-green) "£& 

Touching opponent's ball in searching 22 

Wrong information from opponent 20 

Casual Water 27 

Definition — 

Interfering with stance 27 

Hazard 27 

Putting-green 27 

Through the green 27 

Claims, when made 36 

Clubs- 
Form and make of — - 

Grounding in hazard 25 

Grounding lightly 15 

Striking player's 19 

Striking opponent's 18 

Committee defined* — 

Conditions of Match 

Course — Definition (3) 

Course, unplayable* 2 

Delaying to start* 2 

Delaying stroke — 

Ball moving in water 26 

Opponent — on lip of hole 32 

Discontinuing play, bad weather* 2 

Displacing ball — 

At rest — outside agency 17 

Putting-green 32 

Disputes, how decided 36 

Disputes, how decided* 16 

Dormie — Definition — 

Dropping ball — 

Mode of 8 

Want of space for 27 

Dung, removal on putting-green 28 

Exchanging balls 20 

Equity, disputes decided by 36 

Etiquette — 

Fixed objects, moving of 15 

Flag-stick — 

Ball resting against 32 

Removing 32 

Striking, within 20 yards of* 13 

Struck, when removed 32 

Fog, touching 22 

Forecaddie — 

Advice from 4 

Ball stopped, etc., by 17 

Foursomes, order of play 3 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules 
for Stroke Competitions. 



Nothing is so foolish or wretched as to anticipate 
misfortune. 

90 



Playing when partner should have played 3 

Four-ball Matches, see also Best Ball — 

Game, description of 1 

General penalty 

General penalty* 

General Rule, stroke competition* lo 

Greenkeeper, tools, etc., obstructing 11 

Ground under repair IJ 

Grounding club, ball moving after 12 

Growing objects, moving of 15 

Halved hole J- 

Both balls lost 21 

Honour after 2 

Player retains half • 33 

Halved match 1 

Honour after 2 

Hazard — - 
Definition — 

Addressing ball in 25 

BaU lost from* 12 

Ball moved after taking stance 12 

Ball moved by opponent's 9 

Ball moving in water 26 

Casual water in 27 

Conditions of play in i . . . 25 

Dropped ball rolling into 8 

Grounding club in 25 

Improved lie in , 25 

Indicating line of play 4 

Loose impediments in or near 12 

Obstructions in 11 

Playing out of turn in 7 

Playing wrong ball in* 8 

Steps and planks 'removable 25 

Swinging club in ^. 25 

Taking stance in 25 

Touching, etc., anything in 25 

Want of space to drop 27 

Water 27 

Hole — Definition — 

Holes, new for competitions* 4 

Holing out 32 

Ball lifted before* 13 

With own ball* 8 

Honour — 
Definition — 

Stroke competitions* '. . . 7 

Taking of 2 

Ice, removal of — putting-green 28 

Identification of ball 9 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules 
for Stroke Competitions. 



A little each day is much in a year. 

91 



Identification, lifting for* 11 

Impediments, loose (see loose impediments) 12 

Information as to strokes played 4 

Insufficient light* 2 

Irregularities of surface 10 

Lie of ball — 

Altered by play 16 

Played wherever lying • . 6 

Lifting ball— 

For identification 9 

For identification* 11 

Interfering with stroke* 10 

Nearer to hole* 13 

Player's in motion* 13 

Two-strokes penalty* 11 

Under local rule — 

Within club length 16 

Within six inches 31 

Light insufficient"^ . 2 

Line of play, indicating 4 

Line of putt, indicating 29 

Line of putt, touching 28 

Local rules, recommendations for — 

Long grass, touching 22 

Loss of hole, penalty qualified 33 

Loose impediments — 
Definition — 

Lifted on putting-green 28 

Lifted on putting-green 25 

Outside club length 12 

Within club length 12 

Lost ball 21 

Casual water in hazard 27 

Casual water through the green 27 

Water hazard 27 

Marking and addition of scores* 5 

Markers, for scoring* 5 

Match, beginning 2 

Match, conditions of 1 

Match, halved 1 

Matches, priority of various 1 

Matches, playing whole round 1 

Matches, losing place on green 1 

Match play competitions — 

Conceding putts 3 

Excluding rules 3 

Playing out of turn, putting-green 1 

Recommendation of Ex. Committee — 

Waiving penalties , 2 

Mode of play 1 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules for 
Stroke Competitions. 

Know how sublime a thing it is to suffer and be 
strong. 



92 



Moved ball — 

Accidentally 12 

After grounding club 12 

After touching loose impediment 12 

By another competitor, etc.* 10 

By fellow-competitor* 13 

By opponent, etc 18 

By opponent's ball 9 

In hazard 12 

In hazard, steps or planks 25 

In measuring 16 

Lifting loose impediments, putting-green 28 

Lifting, within six inches 31 

Opponent's — in searching for 22 

Opponent's ball — on putting-green 32 

Outside agency , 17 

Removing obstruction 11 

Moving ball — 

During swing 13 

In water 26 

Off tee 2 

Playing a 13 

Struck twice 14 

Moving, etc., fixed or growing objects 15 

Moving object, ball lodging in 17 

Mud, adhering to ball 24 

New holes for competitions* 4 

Obstructions, removal of 11 

Opponent's ball — 

Displaced by player — putting-green 32 

Knocked into hole 32 

Lip of hole 32 

Locating — out of bounds 23 

Moved by player's ball 9 

Playing an 20 

To be at rest — putting-green 30 

Touched, etc., in searching for 22 

Order of play 7 

Order of play* 1 

Order of play, threesome and foursome 3 

Order of starting* 7 

Out of bounds 23 

Definition — 

Doubtful whether 23 

Locating opponent's ball 23 

Playing next stroke 23 

Stance 23 

Time limit for search 23 

Out of turn — 

Foursomes 3 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules for . 
Stroke Competitions. 



Little strokes fell great oaks. 

93 



Match play competitions — putting-green , . . . 1 

Opponent's honour 2 

Putting-green 31 

Stroke competitions* 7 

Through the green and hazards 7 

Threesomes 3 

Outside Agency — 

Ball displaced by* 10 

Ball displaced by 17 

Ball in motion stopped by 17 

Penalty, competitor in doubt* 5 

Penalty, general 34 

Penalty, waiving match play 2, 3 

Penalty stroke — 
Definition — 

Planks, removable 25 

Play, mode of 1 

Playing moving ball 13 

Playing outside teeing-ground* 7 

Practice strokes* 4 

Pressing down irregular surface 10 

Priority on course 1 

Pushing ball 5 

Putting-green — 
Definition — 

Ball displaced — outside agency 17 

Falling into hole 32 

Lodging in anything moving 17 

On lip of hole 32 

Ball within six inches 31 

Casual water 27 

Conceding putts 3 

Dung — removal of- 28 

Flag-stick — removal of 32 

loling with own ball* 8 

Ice 28 

Lifting ball nearer hole* 13 

Lifting loose impediments 28 

Lifting — player's ball in motion* 13 

Line of putt — touching 28 

Mark — placing 29 

Opponent's ball — 

Displaced by player's 82 

Knocked into hole 32 

To be at rest 30 

Out of turn 31 

Out of turn, match play competitions 7 

Playing opponent's ball 20 

Pointing out line 29 

Practice before competition* 4 

Pressing with club 28 

The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules for 
Stroke Competitions. 



One today is worth two tomorrows. 



94 



Resting against flag-stick 32 

Shielding ball from wind 29 

Snow — removal of 28 

Standing at hole 29 

Striking fellow-competitor's ball* 13 

Striking flag-stick removed 32 

Striking flag-stick* 13 

Stymie, definition of 31 

Touching line of putt 29 

Wormcasts 28 

Putting, direction for 2& 

Referee — Definition — 

Duties of 3S 

Removing loose impediments 12 

Irregular surface 10 

Obstructions 11 

Rub of the Green 17 

Rub of the Green* 10 

Sand, ball covered by 22 

Scores, how kept* 5 

Sheltering* 2 

Side — Definition — 

Sides 1 

Single competitor* 1 

Single competitor in ties* . . . 3 

Single player 1 

Snow, removal of 28 

Scraping ball 5 

Spooning ball 5 

Stance, casual water interfering with 27 

Stance, in hazard 25 

Stance, taking 10 

Starting, order of* 1 

Steps, removable 25 

Stopping ball, another competitor* ^ 10 

Stopping ball, opponent, etc ' 18 

Stopping ball, player, etc 19 

Stopping ball in motion 17 

Striking — 

Another competitor* 10 

Ball twice 14 

Flag-stick* . , 13 

Flag-stick removed 32 

Opponent, etc 18 

Player, etc 1& 

Stroke — Definition — 

Stroke, how made 5 

Strokes played by opponent 4 

Stymie 81 

Tee, preparing after lifting* 11 

Teeing — Definition — 



The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules for 
Stroke Competitions. 



By losing present time we lose all time. 



95 



Teeing-ground — Definition — Page 2 

Ball moving off tee 2 

Ball cut of bounds from 23 

Beginning match 2 

Honour 2 

Out of turn ; 2 

Playing outside limits 2 

Playing outside limits* 7 

Terms used in reckoning game — • 
Definition — 

Three-ball matches — 
Definitions — ■ 

Honour 4 

Lifting ball 1 

Moved ball 2 

Out of turn 3 

Striking opp^onent, etc 5 

Threesomes, order of play 3 

Playing when partner should have played 3 

Ties, how decided* 3 

Through the green — 
Definition — 

Touching ball — 

For identification 9 

Opponent's in searching 22 

Removing sand 22 

Touching line of putt 28 

Touching long grass, etc 22 

Umpire — Definition — 

Duties of , So 

Unplayable ball € 

Vehicle, removal of 11 

Water — 

Ball moving in 26 

Casual 27 

Casual interfering with stance 27 

Hazard 27 

Waiving penalties match play 2 

Waiivng Rules match play 3 

Wind- 
Displacing ball 17 

Shielding ball from 29 

Winner 1 

Honour 2 

Stroke competitions* 1 

Worm casts, putting-green 28 

Wrong ball, opponent's 20 

Wrong ball, outside match 20 

Wrong ball, outside match* 8 

Wrong hole, ball lying in 11 

Wrong information from opponent, etc 20 



The references with an asterisk (*) apply to Rules for 
Stroke Competitions. 



96 



Questions 

1. Can a player who is about to play 

in a competition, practice put- 
ting at any of greens ? 

2. What are the two white discs on 

the tee for? 

3. What is the "out of bounds" rule? 

4 . If the player has to drop a ball, how 

is it done? 

5 . What is your player penalized if he 

plays his opponent's ball by mis- 
take? 

6. What is the penalty if the caddie 

moves the ball even accidentally ? 

7. What is the penalty for ball going 

ing water hazard? 

8 . What is the rule in regard to a ball 

that is unplayable? 

9. Explain the Stymie rule? 

10. In medal play what is the penalty 
if your golfer plays from within 
20 yards of the hole and strikes 
the pin? 

Fire begins with little sparks, crime begins with evil 
thoughts. 




97 



CHAPTER X 
MEANING OF TERMS USED 
IN GOLF 

Addressing the ball — The player's 
method of standing and of handling 
the club preparatory to striking the 
ball. 

All even — The position or result of a 
match in which neither side has 
gained the advantage. 

Approach — The stroke by which a play- 
er endeavors to play his ball onto the 
putting-green. 

Away — Ball to be played first. 

Back-Spin — A reversed spin to the ball 
which will tend to give it a dead stop 
when it alights. 

Baff — To strike the ground with the 
sole of the club head in playing and 
so send the ball in the air, 

Baffy — Wooden club with short shaft 
and lofted face. Formerly in use as 
an approaching club. 

Bent — Coarse, wiry grass found on sea- 
side courses. 

Bogey or colonel — A method of scoring 
by holes against an imaginary oppo- 
nent. The number of strokes the 
holes should be made in without seri- 

Be truly what thou would be thought to be. 



98 



ous mistakes. Considered good golf. 

Blind Hole^Hazard — One in which the 
putting green is not visible to the 
player as the shot is played. A blind 
hazard is one hidden from view. 

Bisque — A point taken by the receiver 
of odds at any period during the 
game, at his option. 

Birdie — One under par for a hole. 

Bone or Horn — A piece of ram's horn, 
celluloid, wood, fibre, metal or other 
substance inserted in the sole of 
wooden clubs to protect the lower 
edge of the face. 

Borrow — When a putt requires to be 
played across sloping ground, the 
player must borrow or play the ball 
a little up the slope so that the slope 
will cause the ball to return towards 
the hole. 

Brassie — Long shafted wooden club 
with brass sole. 

Break-club — A stone or any other ob- 
stacle lying near the ball which might 
break or injure the club in the act of 
striking. 

Bulger — A convex faced club. 

Bunker — Originally a natural sand hole 
on the golf course. Its use is now ex- 

Cleanliness is a fine life preserver. 



99 



tended to almost any kind of hazard. 

Bye — The holes remaining after the 
long match is finished. 

Caddie — The person who watches the 
player's ball, carries the player's 
clubs. He should be capable of ad- 
vising the player should the player 
ask for advice. 

Carry— The distance which a ball trav- 
els from the club-face to the spot 
where it first alights on the ground. 

Cleek — A club with long shaft and iron 
head, used for distance. 

Course — The space within the limits of 
which the game is played. 

Cup — Usually means the hole in the put- 
ting-green. 

Cuppy lie — Means any indentation on 
the course in which the ball might 
lodge. 

Cut — To put right hand or backward 
spin on the ball so as to check its 
rolling forward after it falls. 

Dead — A ball is said to be dead when it 
lies so near the hole that the putt is a 
certainty. A ball is said to fall dead 
when it does not run after alighting. 

Direction Flag — Used on some courses 



Be always as cheerful as ever you can 
For few will delight in a sorrowful man. 



100 



on long holes to mark the line to the 
cup. Usually placed 200 yards from 
the tee. 

Divot — The piece of turf cut out by a 
player in making his stroke, which 
should always be replaced by the cad- 
die. 

Dormy — One side is said to be dormy 
when it has as many holes ahead as 
there remain holes to be played. 

Down — A player is said to be down 
when his opponent has one or more 
holes more than he has. 

Draw — To draw widely to the left also 
called Hook or Pull. 

Driver— The wooden club used in play- 
ing the longest strokes. 

Duff — To waste the strength of the 
stroke by hitting the ground behind 
the ball ; only travels a short distance. 

Eagle — Two under par for a hole. 

Face — The hitting surface of the club 
head. 

Flat — A club is said to be flat when its 
head is at a very obtuse angle to the 
shaft. 

Flag — The upright standard inserted in 
the hole on the putting green. Some- 



If you won't do better today you'll do worse tomor- 
row. 



101 



times has a small banner attached to ' 
upper part. 

Fog — Moss, also thick rank grass. 

Follow-Through — The continuation of 
the swing of the club after the ball 
has been struck. 

Foozle — Any thoroughly bad stroke, 
short of missing the ball altogether. 

Fore — The word shouted by the golfer 
who is about to strike, in order to 
give warning to parties in front. 

Fore-caddie — A person employed to go 
in advance of the players (usually 
only in important matches) to watch 
where the balls alight. 

Foursome — A match in which four per- 
sons play. Two against the other 
two. 

Full-shot — A shot played with a full 

swing and intended to travel as far 

as possible. 
Gobble — A putt played too hard at the 

hole but which nevertheless goes in. 
Grassed — A club is said to be grassed 

when the face is spooned or sloped 

backwards ; wooden clubs only. 
Green — First the whole links or course. 

Second, the putting green within 

twenty yards of the hole. 

A little leak will sink a great ship. 



102 



Grief — When a player has played his 
ball into a hazard, he is said to be in 
grief. 

Grip — The part of the handle of club 
that is covered with leather. Second, 
the grasp itself. 

Gutty — The old style golf -ball that was 
made of gutta-percha. 

Half-one — A handicap of a stroke de- 
ducted every second hole. 

Half-shot — Less than full swing. 

Halved — A hole is halved when each 
side takes the same number of 
strokes. A match is halved when 
both sides have won the same number 
of holes or have proved equal. 

Hanging Lie — A ball which lies on a 
downward slope in the direction in 
which it has been driven. 

Hazard — A general term for bunkers, 
long grass, roads, water, mole-hill or 
other bad ground. 

Head — The lowest part of the club. It 
possesses a "sole''; a "heel''; a ''toe 
or nose" ; a "neck" and a "face". 

Heel — The part of the head nearest the 
shaft. Second, to hit the ball with 
the heel of the club and send ball to 
the right. 

A short cut is often a wrong cut. - ; j i 



103 



Hole — First the four and one quarter 
inch metal rimmed cup in the putting 
green. Second, the whole space from 
the tee to the green. 

Hole-high — A ball is said to be hole 
high when it has been played as far 
as the hole but not necessarily onto 
the putting-green. 

Hbnour — The right to play off first 
from the tee. 

Hook — See Draw. Hook in a club re- 
fers to the face when the head is 
placed flat on the ground, lying in to 
the ball and thus having a tendency 
to pull. 

Home — A ball is said to be home when 
it is played onto the putting green 
from a distance. 

Horn — See Bone. 

Hose — The socket in iron headed clubs 
into which the shaft fits. 

Jerk — To play a ball so that the club 
head strikes into the ground after 
hitting the ball. 

Lie — First the inclination of a club 
when held on the ground in the nat- 
ural position for striking. Second, 
the situation of a ball, good or bad. 



A person who does nothing never has time to do 
anything. 



104 



Lift — To lift a ball is to take it out of 
a hazard and drop it or tee it in con- 
formity with the rules. 

Like — To play the like at a given hole is 
to play a stroke which equalizes the 
number played by the opposite side. 

Like-as-we-lie — ^When both sides have 
played the same number of strokes. 

Links — The ground on which the game 
is played. 

Loft — To cause the ball to rise in the 
air. 

Lofter — An iron club with face set well 
back for lofting the ball. 

Long-Game — Driving and distance play. 

Long-Odds — A golfer has to play the 
long odds when he has to play a 
stroke more than his opponent who 
is much nearer the hole. 

Mashie — An iron club which has consid- 
erable pitch to the face, used for ap- 
proaching. 

Match — First the sides playing against 
each other ; second, the game itself. 

Match-play — Reckoning the score by 
holes. 

Medal-play — Reckoning the score by 
strokes. 



He who repeats the ill he hears of another is the 
true slanderer. 



105 



Miss-the-globe — To fail to strike the 
ball either by swinging right over the 
top of it or by hitting the ground be- 
hind. It is counted a stroke. 

Nassau — Best score out; best score in; 
best score on the match. 

Neck — The curved part of the head next 
to the shaft. 

Niblick — An iron club with heavy round 
head, deep face; used to play out of 
bunkers, hazards and bad lies. 

Nose — The end of the head farthest 
from the shaft. 

Odds — To play the odds at a hole is to 
play one stroke more than the oppo- 
site side. 

One-off-two, One-off-three, etc. — When 
the opposite side has played two or 
three strokes more, the other side 
plays one off tv/o or one off three as 
the case may be. 

Out-of-bounds — That part of course on 
which play is not allowed. 

Par — The par of a hole or a round is the 
total number of strokes which should 
be required for them without mis- 
takes. Excellent golf. 

Pin— See Flag. 

Press — To put an extra amount of force 



All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 

106 



in the swing. 

Pull — Similar to Draw and Hook. 

Putt — To play strokes near. the hole on • 
the putting-green. 

Putter — An upright club used for put- 
ting. 

Putty — An old style golf ball made of 
composition. 

Putting-green — The prepared ground 
around the hole. 

Quarter-shot — A stroke played with a 
quarter swing. 

Rim-the-cup — A ball which goes to the 
hole, circles the rim of the cup but 
does not go in. 

Rind — A strip of cloth under the 
leather, to thicken the grip. 

Round — A term used to describe a game 
over the whole course. 

Rub-of-the-green — Whatever happens 
to a ball in motion such as its being 
deflected or stopped by any agency 
outside the match or by a fore-caddie^ 
is a rub-of-the-green and the ball 
must be played from where it lies. 

Run — First the distance the ball travels 
after alighting on the ground, second, 
to make the ball travel along the 
ground instead of lofting it. 

He who handles pitch besmears himself. . , 



107 



Scare — The part of the club where the 
head and shaft are joined. 

Sclaff — To scrape the surface of the 
ground with the sole of the club be- 
fore striking the ball. 

Scruff — Slightly raising the grass in 
striking. 

Scratch-Player — One who does not re- 
ceive any handicap allowance. 

Set — The player's equipment of clubs. 

Shaft— The handle of the club. 

Slice — To hit the ball with a draw- 
across it from right to left with the 
result that it flies to the right. 

Sole — The flat bottom of the club-head. 

Short-Game — Approaching and putting. 

Socket — The part of the head of a club 
into which the shaft is fitted. 

Spoon — ^^Wooden club, similar to Bras- 
sie but with more loft. 

Spring — The suppleness of the club 
shaft. 

Stance — The position of a player's feet 
in playing a stroke. 

Steal — A long Putt holed unexpectedly, 

StaflF-Standard — See Flag. 

Square — When both sides are even. 

Stymie — A stymie occurs on the put- 
ting-green when one of the balls lies 

A promise attended to is a debt settled. 



108 



directly in front of the other on a line 
to the hole and are more than six 
inches apart. 

Swing — The sweep of the club in strik- 
ing the ball. 

Swipe — A full stroke. 

Tee — The pat of sand on which the 
ball is placed for the first stroke on 
each hole. 

Teeing Ground — A space marked out 

within the limits of which the ball 

must be played. 
Third— A handicap of one stroke given 

at every third hole. 
Threesome — One playing his own ball 

against two playing one ball. 
Toe— Another name for nose of the 

club. 

Top — To top the ball is to hit it above 
its centre. 

Two-more, Three-more, etc. — To play 
two more is to play two strokes more 
than one's opponent. Similarly with 
three more, etc. See ''odds". 

Undercut — To hit the ball by baffling or 
otherwise so that it rises high in the 
air and owing to the spin of the ball 
it will not roll after alighting. 



Foot firm and faith fast. 
Stand still till storm past. 



109 



Upright — A club is said to be upright 
when its head is not at a very obtuse 
angle to the shaft. The converse of 
flat. 

Up — A player is said to be up, when he 
has gained one or more holes on his 
opponent. 

Whins — Furze or gorse. 

Whipping — ^The twine with which the 
club-head and shaft are bound to- 
gether. 

Wrist Shot — A short stroke played with 
the wrists. 

Questions 

1. What is a bunker? 
2 . What is meant by the word "dor- 
mie"? 

3. What is meant by a hole being 

^^halved"? 

4. Explain 'like as we lie''? 

5. Define "nassau"? 

6. What is "par"? 

7 . Explain "rub of the green'' ? 

8. What is meant by "stance"? 

9 . Explain what "addressing the ball" 

means ? 

10. What is the difference between 
match play and medal play? 

He who saves in little things can be liberal in great 
ones. 



110 



CONCLUSION 
In conclusion a brief summary can be 
made by comparing caddie service with 
salesmanship. We'll say a salesman 
selling a widely advertised brand of 
goods, that the people want. Such a 
salesman's goal is to outsell all the other 
salesmen and get his name at the top 
of the sales list each month. In caddie 
service you are selling something that 
the golfer clamors for. They want ser- 
vice and it is up to you to put your ser- 
vice over in such a way that you outsell 
all of the other caddies and put your 
name at the top of the service rating 
lists each month. 

Your selling points are to prove to the 
golfer that you know your duties thor- 
oughly; that you are intensely inter- 
ested in his game ; that your behavior is 
always up to standard and that you are 
neat and clean and presentable at all 
times. 

Ability, Interest, Behavior, Appearance 

There is at the present time a general 
plan of caddie welfare spreading over 
the United States. 

The plan calls for a development of 

Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do to- 
day. 

Ill 



player-interest in the caddie, providing 
quarters for the boys, making service 
conditions more agreeable, providing 
recreation field, encouraging athletics 
of all kinds with proper equipment. 

Perhaps this movement has already 
reached your club and you have already 
begun to feel the benefit but whether 
it has taken in your club or not you 
should do your part by making a firm 
resolution right now to do your share 
in improving the service so that the 
members may feel justified and no 
doubt anxious to do their part in im- 
proving your own personal welfare. 



Hitch your wag^on to a star 
Hold your seat and there you are. 




112 



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